In this paper, the directivity and gain of several types of time‐modulated linear antenna arrays are obtained. Three types of array elements are considered: arrays with isotropic elements, parallel short dipoles, and collinear short dipoles. Curves of directivity as functions of inter‐element spacing and sidelobe levels (SLLs) are presented. A comparison between the computed and measured gains of a time‐modulated printed dipole linear array shows reasonable agreement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 167–171, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20241

A new method based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed for antenna-array pattern synthesis with prescribed nulls. The array excitation amplitudes are the only controlling parameters, and the objectives are to synthesize array patterns with nulls imposed on directions of interferences while keeping the sidelobe levels (SLLs) below prescribed levels. Many factors such as the excitation dynamic range ratio, null depth level, null width, and SLLs are taken into account in the synthesis. Simulation results of several typical problems are compared with published results to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Abstract-The electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) target located above or below rough surface is investigated, for the case of TM polarization, using the Method of

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