Received XX Month XXXX; revised XX Month, XXXX; accepted XX Month XXXX Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV) technique is widely used to acquire the complicated trajectories of particles and flow fields. It is known that the accuracy of 3D-PTV depends on the mapping function to reconstruct three-dimensional particles locations. The mapping function becomes more complicated if the number of cameras is increased and there is a liquid-vapor interface, which crucially affect the total computation time. In this paper, using a shallow neural network model (SNN), we dramatically decrease the computation time with a high accuracy to successfully reconstruct the three-dimensional particle positions, which can be used for real-time particle detection for 3D-PTV. The developed technique is verified by numerical simulations and applied to measure a complex solutal Marangoni flow patterns inside a binary mixture droplet.
Electrospinning continuously produced twisted nanofibers with a convergence coil and a rotating ring collector. The positively charged nozzle was used in the electrospinning process to deposit electrospun fibers of polyacrylonitrile onto a rotating ring collector. By withdrawing the electrospun fibers from the rotating ring collector, it was possible to spin the electrospun fibers yarn. In this study, theoretical approaches and numerical simulations were used to determine the twisting angle of the yarn. Using the equations developed in this study, we performed numerical simulations and compared the experimental results with the numerical simulation results. Mechanical properties of the fiber bundle were analyzed for twisting angle. It was confirmed the relationship among the winding drum, the ring collector, and flux of the fibers mass per time during electrospinning in the developed system.
A pellicle is a physical shield intended to completely protect the reflective extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask from particles under a EUV light source and H 2 environment. An emerging pellicle
and its change of properties by various experimental conditions are essential to explain the assembly process.Nanoparticles assembly process and behaviors inside the drying droplet were highly affected by the role of internal flow. Deegan et al. reported the coffeering effect that particles assembled by capillary and Marangoni flow inside the drying droplet. [13] Self-assembled structures like the coffee-ring structure using evaporation could be applied to various research and industrial areas, such as transparent electrodes [14,15] and printing technologies. [16] To control the particles, it is an important issue that understand and physics of Marangoni flow. Therefore, there were different parametric researches to control the Marangoni flow with controlling temperature, [16,17] droplet size, [18] particle size, [19] and shape. [20] These internal flows did not only make the internal assemblies but also make the interfacial assemblies of particles. Im et al. have reported the self-ordered structure of nanoparticles was made from the strong convective flow. [21] Film assembly at the interface was highly affected by internal flow and its characteristics. However, there were more studies needed to apply to functional materials and polymer films assembly.In this research, we investigated the hydrogel assembly to interface film affect by internal flow change with evaporation temperature using a gelatin solution. Changing the evaporation temperature, the morphology of assembled final hydrogel films after droplet evaporation was measured using a profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, its mechanical properties were measured using nanoindenter. From the increasing internal flow, film assembly was enhanced and morphology changed. And film hardness was increased with faster evaporation. We analyze its change in characteristic and visualization of its nanostructures. Results and Discussion Film Morphology Change with Evaporation TemperatureTo evaluate the hydrogel film assembly changing with evaporation temperature, we observed the final film morphology with the temperature change. Figure 1a shows the final film Recently, thin-film assembly at the liquid-air interface has been widely studied. These film scaffolds have high potential to control the crystallization process and fabricate single crystals. However, there have been limitations in understanding and controlling the behavior of polymer chains form into films. This study investigates thin-film assembly at the hydrogel droplet interface with internal flow and its role. During the hydrogel film formation, the internal flow of the droplet is visualized using micro-particle image velocimetry technique at various temperatures. From the droplet evaporation, convection flow induced by heat cause buoyancy effect and pressure on the interface film from evaporation flux affect the film morphology and its mechanical characteristics. Therefore, more dense assembled film is generated on the droplet interface. It is expected that the investigations could give bette...
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