Since the 1960's, various studies have been carried out on the internal and external factors that might affect heated concrete in terms of compressive strength, elastic modulus and thermal stress. In particular, thermal properties of aggregate and cooling methods are known to have a significant influence on concrete residual mechanical properties. This study aims to assess concrete mechanical properties based on the types of aggregate and cooling methods used. The used coarse aggregate in concrete was granite, ash-clay and clay type. The circular concrete specimens of Ø100×200mm used in the experiment were heated to the target temperature to test the mechanical properties at a high temperature, slow cooling (room temperature) and water cooling (quenching) conditions. In conclusion, the research finding reveals that the smaller the thermal expansion of the aggregate, the higher the strain at a high temperature while the more deteriorated the mechanical characters. In addition, the lightweight aggregate concrete was greatly affected by the cooling velocity although the thermal expansion strain of aggregates as the thermal expansion of aggregates took place to a smaller extent, the strength at high temperature remained, while the mechanical properties deteriorated with cooling accelerated. In addition, light-weight aggregate concrete which ash-clay and clay aggregates is greatly affected by the cooling velocity depending on aggregate although the thermal expansion strain of the aggregates was shown to be within a similar range.
Dysfunction of tight junctions and their components can cause diverse skin diseases. Here, we investigated the expression of claudin 1, a major tight junction protein, and changes of tight junction capacity upon treatment of the extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) and its components, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin. The effects of ethanol extracts of C. tricuspidata (EECT) and water extracts of C. tricuspidata (WECT) on the viability of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were assessed by cell proliferation assay. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the expression of claudin 1 mRNA. The protein expression of claudin 1 was analyzed by western blot and its tight junctional distribution was observed with immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. The tight junction capacity was analyzed by dispase assay. Upon treatment of WECT to HaCaT cells, the mRNA and protein expressions of claudin 1 were increased. In addition, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin increased claudin 1 protein expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. WECT and these three compounds enhanced the tight junction capacity of HaCaT cells in dispase assay. WECT, and its components, such as chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, upregulates both mRNA and protein expressions of claudin 1, which leads to the enhancement of tight junction capacity. Thus, WECT could be a therapeutic approach for treating tight junction-disrupted conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
The early-age properties and relationships between hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage in high-strength mass concrete are investigated through analysis of the history curves of hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage. To reduce the hydration heat velocity, micro encapsulated retarder (MR) that could retard cement reaction was applied. In the result of research, the hydration temperature and hydration heat velocity of high-strength mass concrete can be decreased with the reduction of size specimen and use of the retarder. A close relationship could be found between the hydration temperature and autogenous shrinkage; the higher the hydration heat velocity, the higher the autogenous shrinkage velocity and the greater the ultimate autogenous shrinkage.
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