Existing web-content adaptation engines assume that the task being undertaken is the browsing of the web-pages by a single-user. There are, however, other tasks that necessitate the viewing of web-pages on mobile devices. One such task, which forms the motivation for this paper, is mobile web-based collaboration involving the cobrowsing of web-pages from multiple devices. The paper begins by reviewing the considerations taken into account by existing web-content adaptation engines in handling the single-user browsing task. Next, the differences between single-user browsing and co-browsing are discussed and a content adaptation framework proposed based on the concept of shared viewpoint and personal viewpoint. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated through a perceptual experiment.

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202204275. of biosensors with additional functionalities (e.g., self-regulated drug release) that are not available in previous systems is reviewed. Examples addressed in this review convey the message that the intersection between biomaterials and LCs offers deep insights into fundamental understanding of biomaterials, and provides resources for development of transformative technologies.

Water electrolysis is an eco-friendly method for the utilization of renewable energy sources which provide intermittent power supply. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has a high efficiency in this regard. However, the two-phase flow of water and oxygen at the anode side causes performance degradation, and various operating conditions affect the performance of PEMWE. In this study, the effects of four control parameters (operating temperature, flow rate, cell orientation, and pattern of the channel) on the performance of PEMWE were investigated. The effects of the operating conditions on its performance were examined using a 25 cm2 single-cell. Evaluation tests were conducted using in situ methods such as polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that a high operating temperature and low flow rate reduce the activation and ohmic losses, and thereby enhance the performance of PEMWE. Additionally, the cell orientation affects the performance of PEMWE owing to the variation in the two-phase flow regime. It was observed that the slope of specific sections in the polarization curve rapidly increases at a specific cell voltage.

Co-browsing is an activity in which a group of users navigate their way through of a set of Web pages together for a shared purpose. Effective co-browsing among users with different device capabilities requires a shared understanding of those Web pages. This paper demonstrates the concept of shared viewpoints (SVPs), and personal viewpoints (PVPs), for cobrowsing, before detailing a framework for implementing these concepts. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is presented through a perceptual experiment.