Replication fork reversal which restrains DNA replication progression is an important protective mechanism in response to replication stress. PARP1 is recruited to stalled forks to restrain DNA replication. However, PARP1 has no helicase activity, and the mechanism through which PARP1 participates in DNA replication restraint remains unclear. Here, we found novel protein-protein interactions between PARP1 and DNA translocases, including HLTF, SHPRH, ZRANB3, and SMARCAL1, with HLTF showing the strongest interaction among these DNA translocases. Although HLTF and SHPRH share structural and functional similarity, it remains unclear whether SHPRH contains DNA translocase activity. We further identified the ability of SHPRH to restrain DNA replication upon replication stress, indicating that SHPRH itself could be a DNA translocase or a helper to facilitate DNA translocation. Although hydroxyurea (HU) and MMS induce different types of replication stress, they both induce common DNA replication restraint mechanisms independent of intra-S phase activation. Our results suggest that the PARP1 facilitates DNA translocase recruitment to damaged forks, preventing fork collapse and facilitating DNA repair.
In recent years, extreme rainfall events with short delays and heavy rainfall have often occurred due to severe climate change. In 2015, Typhoon Soudelor caused a short-delayed heavy rainfall event in Nanshih River, which caused damage to a section of the Lansheng Bridge discharge station. The section was relocated upstream to rebuild the discharge station in 2019. However, the new discharge station cannot measure high flow due to the bridge structure. The flow observation range of Lansheng Bridge is therefore limited to normal flow, making it impossible to accurately estimate the flow during high-water stages. The purpose of this study is to use the past flow data of Nanshih River to estimate the flow rate under different return periods using frequency analysis. We used a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to map the river’s topography, and used the 3D hydraulic calculations of the FLOW-3D model to estimate the water stage and discharge of the Lansheng Bridge. We then verified the accuracy of the model with the measured flow and water stage, and finally used the water stage and discharge data obtained from numerical simulation to construct the stage–discharge rating curve of the Lansheng Bridge. In addition to preventing flood disasters, this study approach can provide reliable data for use in water conservation. It may also be utilized to overcome the problem of measuring and estimating high flow during typhoon floods.
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