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Zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/rGO) are synthesized via a simple one-pot solvothermal technique. The nanoparticle–nanorod turnability was achieved with the increase in GO additive, which was necessary to control the defect formation. The optimal defect in ZnO/rGO not only increased ZnO/rGO surface and carrier concentration, but also provided the alternative carrier pathway assisted with rGO sheet for electron–hole separation and prolonging carrier recombination. These properties are ideal for photodetection and photocatalytic applications. For photosensing properties, ZnO/rGO shows the improvement of photosensitivity compared with pristine ZnO from 1.51 (ZnO) to 3.94 (ZnO/rGO (20%)). Additionally, applying bending strain on ZnO/rGO enhances its photosensitivity even further, as high as 124% at r = 12.5 mm, due to improved surface area and induced negative piezoelectric charge from piezoelectric effect. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity with methylene blue (MB) was studied. It was observed that the rate of MB degradation was higher in presence of ZnO/rGO than pristine ZnO. Therefore, ZnO/rGO became a promising materials for different applications.

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Nickel-manganese spinel oxide (NiMnO) was hybridized with reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGOH) via a facile solvothermal process and a highly porous three-dimensional (3D) structure was constructed. NiMnO/rGOH exhibited excellent electrochemical performance due to the high specific surface area, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and enhanced electrical conductivity due to the synergetic effects between the two components. The NiMnO/rGOH exhibited excellent glucose sensing performance with high sensitivity (1310.8 μA mM cm), a wide linear range (2 μM-20 mM), rapid response time (<3.5 s), and anti-interference properties. Furthermore, it also showed excellent supercapacitor performance with a high capacitance (396.85 F g) and excellent energy and power density on account of the large surface area and pseudo-capacitor behavior of NiMnO. A self-powered glucose sensor can be fabricated with NiMnO/rGOH as both supercapacitor and glucose sensing electrodes.

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