The elderly, whom are vulnerable to the physical, mental and chronic diseases of aging, are the fastest growing segment of the US population. Dementia is of particular concern in this population, and caregivers of people with dementia are subjected to psychological, physical, emotional and functional stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of caregiving for dementia patients on health care services utilization of caregivers and to examine if caregivers utilize more healthcare services than the control group. The study recruited a total of 143 people in control and non-control groups through non-probability convenience sampling. The control group (non-caregivers) comprised of 71 people, whereas the experimental group (caregivers) consisted of 72 participants. The focus of the study was the health care utilization questionnaire, asking the caregiver about the frequency of specific health care services utilization—including medication use in the last six months, on the scale from 0 to 10. Results were statistically significant for each of the healthcare service utilization when comparing caregivers to the control group. By providing adequate support and assistance in form of support groups, we can alleviate caregivers’ burden and more effectively address the needs of caregivers—thereby reducing the utilization of healthcare services.
Advanced directives, such as Living Wills and Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, provide the ability to identify, respect, and implement an individual's wishes for medical care during serious illness or end-of-life care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of advanced directives amongst the residents of long-term care facilities in the United States. A total of 527 cases were extracted from 2018 National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, which was collected by the National Center for Health Statistics through the surveys of residential care communities and adult day services centers. Advanced directive rates were higher in patients 90 years of age and above as compared to other age groups. Nursing home residents were more likely to have advanced directives than other long term care facilities. There was no significant difference among males and females in the rate of advanced directives. Nursing home and Hospice residents had more advanced directives compared to other facilities. The Black population had the highest rate of advanced directive preparedness. Overall, the finding of this study revealed that there was a significant difference in the preparedness of DNR orders and Living Wills by patient demographics and the type of long-term care facility. Offering advanced directive services at public health/social services facilities can enhance the rate of advanced directive preparedness. Advanced directives ease the stress and anxiety of patients, family, and friends during difficult times.
Introduction: Several states provide pharmacists the authority to dispense and counsel on naloxone, but most pharmacy schools provide little to no training in opioid management for students as a part of their curriculum. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of pharmacy students towards the opioid epidemic and overdose management. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among pharmacy students enrolled at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (RFUMS). An anonymous Qualtrics® survey accompanied by an informed consent was distributed to students at RFUMS. Results and Discussion: A total of 162 out of 200 students (81%) enrolled in the College of Pharmacy completed the survey. Students’ attitudes varied by demographics. The majority of students were not prepared to manage opioid overdose situations and administer opioid antidotes, such as naloxone. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of the study indicate that pharmacy students are willing to receive additional education to improve preparedness in managing opioid abuse situations. Hands-on training for opioid abuse management will provide pharmacy students the necessary knowledge and tools to help patients. Pharmacy schools nationwide should incorporate opioid abuse management as a part of their didactic curriculum.
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