Over the past decade, tourism’s contribution to economic Section progress has emerged as an alternative avenue for socio-economic development, especially in the productive economy with natural beauty. On the other hand, the potential effects of tourism on the environment have also been unveiled in the literature, along with macroeconomic misbehavior due to erratic environmental changes. However, the study’s impetus is to inspect the reaction of tourism contribution to Bangladesh’s economy from 1991–2019 with ecological sustainability, good governance, and financial inclusion in the empirical assessment. With the implementation of both linear and non-linear frameworks, the present study has explored the elasticities of core explanatory variables on explained variables; for directional causality, the novel Fourier Toda and Yamamoto causality test has been executed. According to the combined cointegration test, Bangladesh has a long-run association between environmental sustainability, good governance, financial inclusion, and tourism development. Inferring from long-run symmetric and asymmetric cointegration, the test statistics revealed statistically significant at a 1% level, suggesting the long-run relations in the established empirical model. Considering the linear autoregressive disoriented lagged, the study established a negative and statistically significant linkage between environmental sustainably and tourism contribution, suggesting that the excessive inflows of carbon emission that environmental degradation dwindles the progress of tourism contribution. Whereas a positive and statistically significant influence runs from good governance and financial inclusion to tourism development, the suggestion of easy access to financial services and effective institutional activities prompts tourism activities, especially in the long-run. The asymmetric investigation established non-linearity in the empirical model for the long and short-run. In terms of asymmetric coefficients, the study unveiled the positive and negative shocks of environmental sustainability exposed negatively and statistically significant. In contrast, the asymmetric shocks of financial inclusion and good governance established positive and statistically substantial Bangladesh tourism development in the long and short-run. The directional causality assessment revealed bidirectional causality running between explanatory variables to tourism development.
During the recent years, a growing number of tourism and hospitality researchers have used partial least squares structural equation modeling in their studies. However, little is known about the application of PLS-SEM in Asian tourism and hospitality research. This chapter was conducted to fill this research gap by assessing to what extent Asian research in tourism and hospitality has followed the guidelines recommended by the most prominent literature on PLS-SEM. Sixty-four partial least squares structural equation modeling studies conducted by Asian researchers and/or on Asian contexts that were published in 66 tourism and hospitality journals from 2000 to the end of February 2017 were systematically reviewed. The results identified some weaknesses in conducting the analysis which should be addressed in future empirical studies. The results of this systematic review provide tourism and hospitality researchers with best practice guidelines for conducting partial least squares structural equation modeling in their studies.
Presently Human Resources (HR) Management has become one of the burning topics in our corporate world to operate overall activities of the organizations smoothly to ensure financial stability and banking industry is not an exception. Banking is one of the most significant sectors of the world economy and especially in a developing country like Bangladesh. Bank employees are the representative of the bank as it is a service-oriented organization, and they are providing banking services to the clients. The more customers’ retention will lead to more revenue as well as financial profit. The banks are now more concern about their employee’s development to make sure the highest productivity of their employees. The paper shows the importance of efficiency and effectiveness of HR policies to upward financial profit and sustainable growth of the bank. Dhaka Bank Limited (DBL) has taken as a sample bank among all the private commercial banks in Bangladesh to conduct the study. The study includes both descriptive as well as quantitative analysis like showing performance by using financial ratios and the impact of HR costs over the profitability. Sample survey has done among the DBL employees to collect data for the study. The study discloses that the banks are investing the huge amount of fund to develop HR strategies and to motivate employees so that the employee turnover will reduce and productivity will increase which leads to better performance to make sure financial profitability and growth. Usually to maintain all rules and regulation of HR, the banks have to expense more but its conveying long-term productive effect on business growth. It also creates a competitive advantage of the bank to compete with others bank. This study may be helpful for banks regarding dealing with profitability and HR strategies.
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