Landslide surges pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human life safety. Based on rock structure mechanics and water sediment dynamics, considering the additional resistance caused by the interference of loose landslide particles on flow structure, this paper deduces the resistance calculation formula of loose-rock landslide particles when entering water. It modifies the landslide velocity formula (ASCE) recommended by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The acceleration calculation formula and velocity calculation formula of bulk-rock landslides entering water are obtained, and the determination method of the main parameters in the formula is given. Based on the data of the Xintan Landslide into the Yangtze River, the rationality of the calculation results of this formula and the ASCE formula are compared and analyzed. It shows that the ASCE formula calculates the average velocity of landslide movement on land, and there will be a noticeable deviation from the actual situation when it is used to calculate the water entry velocity of a loose-rock landslide. The formula given in this paper is more practical and can be used to calculate the velocity of loose-rock landslides entering water.
Combined with the physical model test of the force of landslide surge on the spur dike under the condition of water flow dynamics, this paper measures and analyzes the pressure distribution of the spur dike body, the wave pressure distribution along with the water depth, and the circumferential pressure distribution along with the near-surface layer, the middle layer, and a near-bottom layer of the upstream and downstream spur dikes of the river channel opposite the landslide entry point under the action of pure water flow and wave–current coupling, respectively. For the upstream spur dike, the maximum pressure is concentrated on the right side of the river slope of the spur dike body and the part of the backwater slope close to the spur dike head, that is, the position of the upstream slope; for the downstream spur dike, the pressure on the upstream slope and upstream slope of the spur dike head is the largest. Under the same test parameters, the pressure increase of the downstream spur dike is more significant than that of the upstream spur dike, and the downstream spur dike is easier to be damaged than the upstream spur dike.
Based on rock structure mechanics and water sediment dynamics, considering the additional resistance caused by the interference of loose landslide particles on the flow structure, this paper deduces the resistance calculation formula of loose rock landslide particles when entering the water. It modifies the landslide velocity formula (ASCE) recommended by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The acceleration calculation formula and velocity calculation formula of bulk rock landslide entering water are obtained, and the determination method of main parameters in the formula is given. Based on the physical model test data of a three-dimensional loose rock landslide and the example data of the Xintan Landslide in the Yangtze River, the rationality of the calculation results of this formula and the ASCE formula is compared and analyzed. It shows that the ASCE formula calculates the average velocity of landslide movement on land, and there will be a noticeable deviation from the actual situation when it is used to calculate the water entry velocity of a loose rock landslide. The formula given in this paper is more practical and can be used to calculate the velocity of loose rock landslide entering the water.
Many scholars have studied the failure mechanism of waterway regulating structures, but there is still a need to improve research on their reliability and service life in the industry. Currently, flexible concrete mattresses (FCMs) are the regulating structure widely used on the Yangtze River Golden Waterway, so it is important to study their service life. The stability function has been built based on the mechanism of stability against sliding and a time-varying reliability model. Experiments have been conducted to analyze the critical failure load of FCMs, determine the influence parameters, and derive a service life calculation formula. Finally, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were taken as an example for analysis.
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