The paper presents an information technology of digital twin for implementation in healthcare, in particular in e-health and m-health applications. The primary objective of this research is to develop a concept of digital twin information technology for medical decision support systems. The second objective is to analyse various medical data formats and to develop an approach to synchronization of multimodal medical data. The approach proposed in the paper will enable aggregation of multimodal data sequences obtained from a wide range of medical diagnostic equipment with the purpose of a patient's digital twin creation. The paper presents an analysis of data synchronization possibility and data representation formats for both single-channel and multi-channel biological signals, results of such investigations as blood tests, ultrasound research, magnetic resonance imaging etc. Digital twin technology will enable development of a new generation of medical decision support systems. A digital twin of a patient is a synchronized and aggregated multimodal data set obtained from a wide range of diagnostic medical equipment which is continuously updated and based on a personalized semantic modal of a patient. Since data are obtained from different medical devices and tools in various formats which directly do not fit for data synchronization and aggregation, the format of a file-wrapper that enables storing time characteristics of medical investigations (time stamps) in an evident form. It allows us to simplify a procedure of multimodal data aggregation while creating and continuous updating the digital twin of a patient. The process of digital twin forming includes the following stages: receiving of original data files in a device format (sonographic device, MRI scanner, electrocardiograph etc.), analysis of data and their time stamps, transformation of the original file to the format of a file-wrapper, data synchronization and aggregation, representation of multimodal data in a digital twin format for further storing and processing.
Due to the rapid development of information technologies, informatization in the medical industry is essential. The main component of electronic health care is medical information systems designed for the accumulation, processing, analysis and transmis-sion of medical data. In the medical field, specialized software products are used to per-form diagnostic studies, process the results of laboratory tests, and make decisions at the stage of establishing a diagnosis. The use of mobile devices in medical information systems is developing. However, the degree of automation of processes in the provision of medical services and the protection of the personal and medical data of patients is still insufficient. The purpose of the research is to create a basic architecture of a software system that would simplify the process of developing software for automated input, processing, search and confidential patient access to their medical data in a medical information system based on multi-color barcoding of information using mobile devices. The architecture of the software system is proposed, in which, based on the princi-ples of distribution, anonymization, and data ownership, a patient can provide access to medical personnel to their medical data by reading a multi-color interference-resistant barcode from one smartphone (patient’s) by the camera of another smartphone (doctor’s). It is shown that in order to ensure the reliability of such transmission, it is neces-sary to use an interference-resistant barcode, which would ensure the integrity of the data in the conditions of possible distortion of the barcode image (change in lighting, scanning angle, trembling of the operator's hand, blurring or skewing of the image, etc.). The use of mobile devices for the barcode method of transmission and processing of data allows providing the protected electronic co-operating of a patient and a doctor both directly and remotely. It guarantees high reliability and confidentiality of the ex-change of data. The proposed technical solutions make it possible to improve the quality of medi-cal care and strengthen the protection of the patient's medical data.
Context. The problem of constructing a set of barcode patterns for multicolor barcodes that are resistant to distortions of one or two elements within each pattern is considered. Objective. The goal of the work is ensuring the reliability of the reading of multi-color barcode images. Method. A multicolor barcode pattern has the property of interference immunity if its digital equivalent (vector) is a codeword of a multi-valued (non-binary) correcting code capable to correct errors (distortions of the pattern elements). It is shown that the construction of barcode patterns should be performed on the basis of a multi-valued correcting BCH code capable to correct two errors. A method is proposed for constructing a set of interference-resistant barcode patterns of a given capacity, which ensure reliable reproduction of data when they are read from a carrier. A procedure for encoding data with a multi-valued BCH code based on the generator matrix of the code using operations by the modulo of a prime number has been developed. A new method of constructing the check matrix of the multivalued BCH code based on the vector representation of the elements of the finite field is proposed. A generalized algorithm for generating symbologies of a multi-color barcode with the possibility of correcting double errors in barcode patterns has been developed. The method also makes it possible to build symbology of a given capacity based on shortened BCH codes. A method of reducing the generator and check matrices of a multi-valued full BCH code to obtain a shortened code of a given length is proposed. It is shown that, in addition to correction double errors, multi-valued BCH codes also make it possible to detect errors of higher multiplicity – this property is enhanced when using shortened BCH codes. The method provides for the construction of a family of multicolor noise-immune barcodes. Results. On the basis of the developed software tools, statistical data were obtained that characterize the ability of multi-valued BCH codes to detect and correct errors, and on their basis to design multi-color interference-resistant bar codes. Conclusions. The conducted experiments have confirmed the operability of the proposed algorithmic tools and allow to recommend it for use in practice for developing interference-resistant multi-color barcodes in automatic identification systems.
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