Although many molecular detection methods have been employed to monitor insecticide resistance, the present microarray provides rapid and accurate identification of target mutations in B. tabaci for resistance management.
Background and objectives: Mood instability (MI) is a stable trait associated with psychiatric disorders, yet there is a lack of tools to measure MI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Mood Instability Questionnaire-Trait (MIQ-T) to evaluate MI in mood disorder patients. Material and methods: Items were taken from various established questionnaires to create an initial list of MIQ-T questions. Data from 309 psychiatric patients (n = 309; 62 major depressive disorder, 58 bipolar I disorder, and 189 bipolar II disorder) were gathered from their medical records and were utilized in an exploratory factor analysis to clarify the underlying components of MI. Then, anonymous survey data from 288 individuals from the general population were included in the analysis as a comparison group. Associations between MIQ-T and other previously validated clinical instruments for mood disorders were examined to test external validity. Results: The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the five-factor structure (Lability, Upward Tendency, Downward Tendency, Childhood Instability, and Seasonality) of 59 items was the most appropriate with clear, cohesive features. MIQ-T exhibited high internal consistency (α = 0.96) and moderate to strong correlations with other previously validated clinical instruments, which were consistent with theoretical predictions, providing evidence of criterion validity. Short forms were also created to address the high internal consistency value, which can indicate redundancy, and to increase the approachability of the measure. We found that the patients with bipolar II disorder had higher MIQ-T scores than the patients with bipolar I disorder or major depressive disorder and the comparison group. Conclusion: Together, these findings validate the newly developed MIQ-T as an instrument of mood instability. MIQ-T can be a potential research tool for mood disorder.
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), one of the abundant types of sialic acid, is an emerging anticancer agent owing to its ability to target selectins in the plasma membrane of cancer cells. Considering the functionality of Neu5Ac, obtaining novel Neu5Ac-conjugated materials with a selective and an enhanced antitumor activity has remained a challenge. Herein, we report the supramolecular materials of three novel amphiphiles composed of Neu5Ac as a hydrophilic segment and pyrene or adamantane as a hydrophobic segment. The synthetic amphiphiles 1, 2, and 3 self-assembled into ribbons, vesicles, and irregular aggregates in an aqueous solution, respectively. Among the materials, vesicles of amphiphile 2 showed the most substantial selectivity toward cancer cells, followed by cell death due to the production of reactive oxygen species by the pyrene group. The dual advantage of Neu5Ac-selectivity and the pyrene-cytotoxicity of vesicles of amphiphile 2 can provide a strategy for effective anticancer materials.
Purpose In this prospective study, we evaluated the association between the serum levels of antioxidants uric acid (UA), albumin, and total bilirubin and the risk of cancer in a Korean population. Materials and Methods A total of 15882 subjects were followed up for cancer development and cancer-related death. During the follow-up period, 1619 cancer diagnoses and 617 cancer-related deaths were recorded. Cox proportional regression was performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increment and 95% confidence interval (CI). The model was adjusted for covariates such as the age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, education level, body mass index, and family history. Sensitivity analyses using the study subjects with physiological serum levels of each indicator were also performed. Results UA levels were positively correlated with cancer risk (HR per SD increment 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09), and albumin levels were inversely associated with the overall cancer risk (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) and cancer-related death (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80–0.93). Total bilirubin levels were negatively correlated with the risk of cancer-related death (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99). By cancer type, UA was positively associated with prostate cancer, total bilirubin was positively associated with liver cancer, and albumin was inversely associated with lung cancer. Conclusion The findings of this study support the role of antioxidants in carcinogenesis. Future large-cohort studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of albumin, UA, and total bilirubin levels in each type of cancer.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting unmet dental care needs among elderly living alone. Methods: The study subjects were 19,019 elderly living by themselves, who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey 2018 (KCHS, 2018). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, Rao-Scott chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis, using the SAS 9.4 software. Results: Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a higher odds ratio (OR) for unmet dental care needs among those with a monthly household income below KRW 1,000,000 (OR=1.64, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.39-1.92), compared to those with an income of above KRW 2,000,000. With regards to stress levels, unmet dental care needs were more prevalent among participants in the "stress moderate" (OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.06-1.33) and "stress" groups (OR=1.68 95% CI=1.48-1.92), compared to the "no stress" group. Furthermore, the OR for unmet dental care needs was significantly higher among participants in the "depression" group (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.61-2.11) than the "no depression" group. Conclusions: Higher unmet dental care needs were found among participants in the low monthly household income, stress, and depression groups. Further study is needed to analyze the association between factors and needs related to unmet dental care.
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