Objective: Mitosis is a fundamental age-related process. Mitoses are in different tissues and they are regulated by mediators. Mediators, for example, cytokines, hormones, are used as drugs for cancer, graft-versus-host disease and other diseases. Our goal is to assess available research pertinent to age-related mitoses, cytokines and hormones in lymph (body fluid), in particular, in thoracic duct lymph (TDL) in norm and use them in new drug design and development. Methods:We investigated the data banks of PubMed/Medline, World Cat, Google and Index Copernicus searching for articles published in the past four decades.Results: Three articles described some morphological properties and quantitative changes of age related mitoses in TDL in norm. One research was dedicated to quantitative and morphological features of TDL lymphocytes in norm and thyroxintreated. Several studies were focused on physiology of angiotensins, insulin, steroid hormones. A lot of latest publications focus on mediators of proliferation and mitosis. Interleukins are being researched in lymph in antigen-stimulation and other impacts. Age influence on immunity system, on mitoses in particular was revealed. In spite of the progress in the field of drug design there is a view about unsuccessful attempts to solve some problems by reductionist methods. The development of drug design needs to accomplish several complex multistep schemes, control cytotoxicities and then compare the results. Conclusion:The above mentioned data show the immune system changes with age, in norm and in impact. The changes and difference of TDL mitosis mediators in norm of mature and immature organisms have not been studied. It is necessary to develop new drug components. It is suggested that the changes and difference of TDL mitosis mediators between healthy newborn (neonatal, immature) and adults (mature) can be used to get a key to new drug design for cancer, graft-versus-host disease and other diseases.
Th e aim of this study was to assess correlations between rabbit mitotic thoracic duct (TD) cells, rabbit's age, and TD lymphocytes. Th e experiments were carried out in 27 intact male Chinchilla rabbits weighing 120-2.500 g (at the age of 1.5 weeks to 36 weeks). TD lymph specimens were drawn from the cisterna chyli of anaesthetised rabbits. Th e numbers of mitotic cells from TD per 100 cells, and absolute numbers of TD lymphocytes were counted in the Giemsa-stained cell smears by means of routine light microscope methods, and routine hemocytometric counts. We have performed statistical evaluation of the data by Microsoft Offi ce Excel 2007 soft ware. Correlations between the TD mitotic cell ratio, lymphocyte numbers, and animal age was estimated by Pearson's criteria. Th e mitotic cell number in TD lymph decreased from the age of 1.5 weeks (infant animals) to 36 weeks (young adult rabbits). Maximal mitotic activity was found in rabbits at 1.5 week of age (23.0 ± 0.14, P=0.02) in comparison with appropriate indexes in rabbits at 4.5 and 13.5 weeks of age (11.0 ± 0.14*, P<0.05 and 6.3 ± 0.08**, P<0.001 respectively). In contrast to mitotic cell amounts, the absolute TD lymphocyte numbers were increased in older rabbits. Th e minimal TD; lymphocyte number in the 1.5-week old rabbits aged was 2.8 ± 0.03, being signifi cantly diff erent (P=0.04) against the lymphocyte numbers in rabbits aged 36 week (5.9 ± 0.05, P=0.03). Hence, strong negative correlations were found between the TD mitotic activity and age, mitotic cells and total TD lymphocyte numbers, as well as positive correlation between the TD lymphocytes and age (respectively, R 2 =0.7, R 2 =0.96 and R 2 =0.8) in immature rabbits (age from 1.5 weeks to 36 weeks). To our knowledge, these interrelations for TD lymph cells in the very young animals were detected for the fi rst time. We conclude that the age-related correlation between mitotic activity and total lymphocyte amounts in TD allows presume optimal combinations of cytokines and other bioactive factors that regulate mitotic activity of thoracic duct cells with advancing age.
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