Chemodynamic
therapy (CDT) that utilizes endogenous hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)
to kill cancer cells has shown a promising strategy for malignant
tumor treatment. Nevertheless, limited H2O2 levels
in the tumor microenvironment often compromise the therapeutic benefits
of CDT, leading to cancer recurrence and metastasis. Herein, a second
near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal Fenton nanocatalyst (PFN) was
developed for activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided
synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT) and CDT of pancreatic carcinoma.
Such a PFN consists of manganese dioxide (MnO2), copper
sulfide (CuS), and human serum albumin (HSA), which serve as the activatable
imaging contrast agent, the NIR-II photothermal agent and Fenton catalyst,
and the stabilizer, respectively. The acidic tumor microenvironment
increased the relaxivity of PFN by 2.1-fold, allowing for improved
imaging performance and monitoring of nanoparticle accumulation in
tumors. Under NIR-II laser irradiation at 1064 nm, PFN generates local
heat, which not only permits PTT but also enhances the nanocatalyst-mediated
Fenton-like reaction. As such, PFN exerts a synergetic action to completely
ablate xenografted tumor models in living animals, while the sole
CDT fails to do so. This study thus provides an NIR-II photothermal
nanocatalyst for potential treatment of deep-seated tumors.
The Patient Health Engagement Scale (PHE-s) was designed to assess the emotional and psychological attitudes of patients' engagement along their healthcare management journey. The aim of this study was to validate a culturally adapted Chinese version of the PHE-s (CPHE-s). Three hundred and seventy-seven participants were recruited from eight community health centers in a sample of patients with chronic disease in Hunan Province, China. The original Italian PHE-s was translated into Mandarin Chinese using a standardized forward–backward translation. The Rasch model was utilized and presented uni-dimensionality and good items fitness of the PHE-s. The internal consistency was 0.89 and the weighted Kappa coefficients of the items (test–retest reliability) ranged from 0.52 to 0.79. Both principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure of the PHE-s. In testing the external validity, the PHE-s showed a significant moderate correlation with patient activation but not with medicine adherence behavior, which requires further exploration. The result suggested that the PHE-s is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the level of patient engagement in his or her own health management among chronic patients in China. Further analysis of reliability and validity should be assessed among other patient cohorts in China, and future directions for testing changes after patient engagement interventions should be developed by exploring some clinical relevance.
BackgroundDifferent water choices affect access to drinking water with different quality. Previous studies suggested social-economic status may affect the choice of domestic drinking water. The aim of this study is to investigate whether recent social economic changes in China affect residents’ drinking water choices.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate residents’ water consumption behaviour in 2011. Gender, age, education, personal income, housing condition, risk perception and personal preference of a certain type of water were selected as potential influential factors. Univariate and backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse the relation between these factors and different drinking water choices. Basic information was compared with that of a historical survey in the same place in 2001. Self-reported drinking-water-related diarrhoea was found correlated with different water choices and water hygiene treatment using chi-square test.ResultsThe percentage of tap water consumption remained relatively stable and a preferred choice, with 58.99% in 2001 and 58.25% in 2011. The percentage of bottled/barrelled water consumption was 36.86% in 2001 and decreased to 25.75% in 2011. That of household filtrated water was 4.15% in 2001 and increased to 16.00% in 2011. Logistic regression model showed strong correlation between one’s health belief and drinking water choices (P < 0.001). Age, personal income, education, housing condition, risk perception also played important roles (P < 0.05) in the models. Drinking-water-related diarrhoea was found in all types of water and improper water hygiene behaviours still existed among residents.ConclusionsPersonal health belief, housing condition, age, personal income, education, taste and if worm ever founded in tap water affected domestic drinking water choices in Shanghai.
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