Objective In this study, we aimed to examine thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidative DNA damage in patients with OCD and compare them with healthy controls. Methods Thirty-five patients previously diagnosed with OCD in Van Yuzuncu Yil University Department of Psychiatry and thirty-three healthy volunteers were included in the study. The severity of the symptoms was measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Five μL of blood samples were taken from the patient and control groups. The samples were stored at appropriate conditions until use. Leukocyte DNA was isolated and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and deoxyguanosine were detected to assess the oxidative DNA damage. The level of oxidative DNA damage was expressed as 8-OHdG/10 6 dG. Total thiol/native thiol levels were measured for thiol/disulfide homeostasis. The level of disulfide was determined by subtracting the native thiol value from the total thiol value and the result was divided by two. Results were given as percentages. Results The total and native thiol levels in patients with OCD were significantly lower, and the disulfide levels were significantly higher in patients with OCD than healthy control subjects. In addition, 8-OHdG, an indicator of DNA damage, was significantly lower in the control group compared to the patient group. Conclusion Increased levels of disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol in patients with OCD show that levels of oxidative stress were elevated and therefore, higher 8-OHdG levels in patients with OCD is a marker of oxidative DNA damage.
Various physiological systems and behaviors such as the sleep-wake cycle, vigilance, body temperature, and the secretion of certain hormones are governed by a 24-hour cycle called the circadian system. While there are many external stimuli involved the regulation of circadian rhythm, the most powerful environmental stimulus is the daily light-dark cycle. Blind individuals with no light perception develop circadian desynchrony. This leads to non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder, which is associated with sleep-wake disorders, as well as mood disorders and loss of appetite and gastrointestinal disturbances due to disrupted circadian hormone regulation. As the diagnosis is often delayed because of under-recognition in clinical practice, patients must cope with varying degrees of social and academic dysfunction. Most blind individuals report that non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder affects them more than blindness. In the treatment of totally blind patients suffering from non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder, the first-line management is behavioral approaches. Drug therapy includes melatonin and the melatonin agonist tasimelteon. Diagnosing blind individuals’ sleep disorders is also relevant to treatment because they can be improved with the use of melatonin and its analogues or by phototherapy if they have residual vision. Therefore, assessing sleep problems and planning treatment accordingly for individuals presenting with blindness is an important issue for ophthalmologists to keep in mind.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine and compare grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress scores in women who underwent termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly in the first vs. second-trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-three women who underwent termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly were subdivided into two categories in this prospective-cohort study: First-trimester group, which was defined as termination of pregnancy performed <14 weeks of gestation, and Second-trimester termination of pregnancy who underwent termination of pregnancy between 20 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Eight weeks after the termination of pregnancy, the Beck Depression Inventory, Perinatal Grief Scale-short version, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were performed with face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Twenty-four women in the first-trimester group and 19 women in the second-trimester group were enrolled. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score was 7.3±4.2 in the first-trimester group and 11.1±4.6 in the second-trimester group (p=0.033). The mean Perinatal Grief Scale-short scores were 86.3±17.2 and 101.4±29.2 in the first and second-trimester groups, respectively (p=0.014). Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores of the first trimester and second-trimester groups were 22.5±8.6 and 35.3±17.1, respectively (p=0.022). Depression was detected in 29.1% of women in the first-trimester group and 57.8% in the second-trimester group (p=0.023). Perinatal grief was significantly higher in the second-trimester group (45.8% vs. 84.2% p<0.01). Post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in the second-trimester group (41.6% vs. 73.6%, p=0.031). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly causes severe psychiatric problems in most women. Depression, grief, and post-traumatic stress are more prominent in women who underwent termination of pregnancy in the second trimester of pregnancy than in the first trimester.
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