We have developed a 736ppi (WQXGA) LCD which pixel density reach 4k smart-phone for the first time using oxide semiconductor. Utilizing the highly scalable channel etch type InGaZnO-TFT and a novel transparent contact structure, more than 50% of the aperture ratio was achieved using patterning dimensions of a manufacturing backplane.
A Novel multi-level memory in pixel technology is proposed for ultra low power TFT-LCD, which can realize the multi-color using the analog voltage grey-scale method. This technology is successfully implemented into the transflective 4 grey-scale (64 colors), 3.17 inch HVGA panel with low power of 300uW and high quality of image.
A low power (lower than 50mW) and high resolution (332ppi) VGA LCD with integrated 6-bit digital data drivers has been developed using CLC (CW-Laser Lateral Crystallization) technology. Logic operations at 3V and low power analog buffer circuits are realized by improved uniformity of TFT characteristics. Integration of digital drivers with line-at-a-time driving scheme is achieved by fine lithography technology (2μm pitch wiring).
A novel pixel memory using an integrated voltage-loss-compensation (VLC) circuit has been proposed for ultra-low-power TFT-LCDs, which can increase the number of gray-scale levels for a single subpixel using an analog voltage gray-scale technique. The new pixel with a VLC circuit is integrated under a small reflective electrode in a high-transmissive aperture-ratio (39%) 3.17-in. HVGA transflective panel by using a standard low-temperature-polysilicon process based on 1.5-µm rules. No additional process steps are required. The VLC circuit in each pixel enables simultaneous refresh with a very small change in voltage, resulting in a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in circuit power for a 64-color image display. The advanced transflective TFT-LCD using the newly proposed pixel can display high-quality multi-color images anytime and anywhere, due to its low power consumption and good outdoor readability.
Renal stones can be treated either by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Increasing use of fluoroscopic exposure for access and to detect stone location during PCNL make the measurement of patient and staff doses important. The main objective of this work was to assess patient and urologist doses for the PCNL examination. We used the tube output technique for determination of patient doses (n = 20) and lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips for urologist dose measurements. The TLD technique was also used for some patient dose measurements (n = 7) for comparison with the tube output technique. Mean entrance skin doses of 191 and 117 mGy were measured by the tube output technique for anterior-posterior (AP) and right anterior oblique (RAO) 30 • /left anterior oblique (LAO) 30 • projections, respectively. The mean urologist doses for eye, finger and collar were measured as 26, 33.5 and 48 μGy per procedure, respectively. The mean effective dose per procedure for the urologist was 12.7 μSv. None of the individual skin dose results approach deterministic levels.
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