The electrical properties and microstructures of SrTiO3–PbTiO3–CaTiO3–Bi2O3–TiO2 systems were investigated. It was found that the materials had two
inhomogeneous regions, called “grain core-grain shell”, by field-emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
observations. The dielectric constant showed two peaks. The dielectric constant at
temperatures below 0° C decreased, whereas that at temperatures above 100° C
increased slightly under DC bias field. D-E loops revealed that the ferroelectric state
existed at temperatures below 0° C, and the paraelectric-like state existed at
temperatures above 100° C. The observed frequency dependence and aging
phenomena showed that this material was a relaxor. A relationship between the
electrical properties and microstructure has been proposed.
In order to obtain material design guidelines for next-generation multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) from the viewpoint of polarization behavior, we investigated the changes in polarization behavior with AC-and Unipoling treatment using (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 -based MLCC samples in which a part of the BaTiO 3 in the core was modified with Ca and Zr. Comparisons with DC-aging measurements confirmed that the AC-and Uni-poling treated samples clearly showed a unique phenomenon in which the domain wall of the (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 -based core phase moves faster than that of the BaTiO 3 -based core phase. AC-and Uni-poling treatments are expected to be useful tools for evaluating the relationship between more detailed microstructure and polarization behavior of dielectric materials.
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