In Accidents that the car collided with the person lying on the road, the case fatality rate and hit-and-run rate were high, so the recognition of the location where the victim could be found was often the issue. There was also the cognitive error due to the driver's belief that a person could not lie on the road. There were many researches on the driver's visibility in pedestrian accidents, whereas there were few studies conducted on those of the person lying on the road. In this research, we conducted the driving experiment to examine whether the visually recognizable distance of the person lying on the road in night driving changed depending on the speed. There were no significant difference of the visually recognizable distance between slow speed, 40 km/h, and 60 km/h.
Generally, in the analysis of the accident between the car and the pedestrian, an index called Wrap Around Distance (WAD) is used to quantify to the positional relationship of the pedestrian's head because the pedestrian falls so as to wrap around the front shape of the car. There are a few reports in Japan that the relationship between the WAD ratio and the impact speed was expressed by linear regression based on the assumption that the position where the pedestrianʼs head collides moves to the rear of the car as the impact speed of the car increases. However, the coefficient of determination in the linear regression is so small that the behavior of the pedestrianʼs head during the collision was not properly described. It is inappropriate for the accidental reconstruction to apply WAD in estimating the impact speed of the car.We created the mathematical model that predicted the positional relationship between the pedestrianʼs head and the car analyzing 56 accidents. Our model described in detail the behavior of the pedestrianʼs head by considering both the behavior of the pedestrian during the collision and the deformation of the car. As a result, our model indicated that the behavior of the pedestrianʼs head changed the distance from the height of the front edge of the hood to the pedestrianʼs center of gravity, and the position restricted the upper limit by visualizing the simulation results for 7 data.
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