Objectives:
Increased long-term impairment is common among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.
However, predictors of activities of daily living (ADL) in ICU survivors are poorly
understood. We aimed to focus on the trajectory of physical function and explore the
clinical variables that affect ADL at hospital discharge.
Methods:
We enrolled 411 patients admitted to the ICU from April 2018 to October 2020. Physical
function was evaluated at ICU admission, ICU discharge, and hospital discharge. We
assessed physical function (grip strength, arm and calf circumference, quadriceps
thickness, and Barthel index). Patients were assigned to the high or low ADL group based
on their Barthel index at discharge. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to
minimize selection biases and differences in clinical characteristics.
Results:
After matching propensity scores, 114 of the 411 patients (aged 65±15 years) were
evaluated. The high ADL group showed better physical function at ICU discharge and
hospital discharge than the low ADL group. An overall decreasing trend in muscle mass
was observed over time; the rates of decline were lower in the high ADL group than in
the low ADL group. The cutoff values for relative changes in calf circumference and
quadriceps thickness to predict high ADL were −7.89% (sensitivity: 77.8%, specificity:
55.6%) and −28.1% (sensitivity: 81.0%, specificity: 58.8%), respectively.
Conclusions:
The relative decreases in calf circumference and quadriceps thickness during
hospitalization were lower in patients who maintained their ADL. Assessment of the
trajectory of physical function can predict ADL status at hospital discharge among ICU
survivors.
Mist formation conditions in a mixture of non-condensable gas (nitrogen or helium) and water vapor, mass transfer rates onto a cooled wall under the mist formation and choking time are determined in a case of a laminar flow in a vertical round tube cooled from the outside at constant temperatures of 77 K to 263 K. This is a basic study of a cold trap for a fusion fuel clean-up (fcu) system. If mist is formed in the trap, it makes tritium spikes at the trap outlet, and consequently it causes tritium leakage to the outlet. The limiting condition of mist formation in the present system is quantitatively expressed by the critical supersaturation model (CSM). When the inlet vapor concentration is within the CSM mist formation condition, the outlet concentration is very high immediately after the gas supply and, afterward, it drops very quickly. When within the no-mist formation condition, the outlet concentration is almost constant throughout the frosting time. The trap shows a good removal performance for a long time until choking. This difference in the time variations is successfully explained by the relaxation of the mist formation condition with an increase in the thermal resistance of frost formed on cooled surfaces.
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