The authors have developed the nano cutting force detector (NCFD), and obtained the cutting characteristics of the epoxy resin, the rat kidney, and the platinum spatter film of 40 nm thick. There was no inferiority for the ultra thin sections made by NCFD when comparing with a ready_ made ultramicrotome. Consequently, (1) it was possible to measure the cutting force in the nano level order sectioning. (2) The cutting force profile greatly depends on the shape of the surface. (3) The cutting force in creases with increasing of the cutting speed. (4) The cutting force increases with the thickness at a constant speed. (5) The cut ting force increases with the hardness in the range of HV1_ 25. (6) The 40 nm thick layer was detectable by using semiconductor strain gauge type sensor. Sectioning force profile of the NCFD reflected the chatter, the condition of the ultra_ thin section, and the contact with knife and cutting surface. This new evaluation technology was established with NCFD.
Observing interface states is especially important in evaluating solder joint reliability. Cross_ section samples of intermetallic compounds generated by copper metallization with lead_ free solders (Sn8Zn3Bi, and Sn9Zn, Sn3Ag0.5Cu), with Sn37Pb as a reference, were prepared using an ultramicrotome. We used an instrumented ultramicrotome to study the cutting force profiles of the intermetallic compounds. When we measured them with a needle_ like diamond knife (60 mm in width), we found peaks in the profiles consisting of two elements that corresponded to those of the intermetallic compounds. These profiles also correlated well with the hardness of the constituent phases at the solder joint interface.
Recently, the instrumented ultramicrotome, which can measure the cutting force required to shave off a thin film for TEM observation with ultramicrotomy, has been developed. In this study, the cutting force of various metals was measured with the in strumented ultramicrotome to reveal their mechanical properties which the measured cutting force reflects. A pure Pb, Al, Zn and Cu were used as specimens. The measured cutting force tended to have a little relationship with Vickers hardness of the speci mens. Especially, the cutting force showed almost constant value without depending on the Vickers hardness in the pure Cu speci mens whose hardness was varied with a cold rolling and an annealing. Therefore, the shear stress of the specimens, which is need ed to deform the thin film, was estimated with assuming that the measured cutting force consists of two elements, the shear stress and the tear force which is needed to remove a thin film from a specimen block. The shear stress was unique to each specimen, and it had a good relationship with the shear modulus of specimen. The value of the shear stress was about 1/60 of the modulus in each specimen. This indicates that dislocations are not concerned with the shear deformation in the thin films of 100`300 nm in thickness obtained with ultramicrotomy.
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