The Alpha grass steppes (Stipa tenacissima) are one of the most representative steppes in the Mediterranean arid ecosystems. They are in continuous regression due to a strong climatic and anthropic pressure without forgetting the difficulties of natural regeneration. Our work is based on the conservation of this species, it consists of carrying out a comparative study of the germinative behavior of Alpha grass caryopses from the coast and the steppe (Western Algeria) under the effect of salt and water stress. For each provenance, each germination trial was conducted at the optimum temperature of 20°C and involved four batches of caryopses with 25 caryopses per batch. The effect of salt stress was tested under different salt concentrations prepared from sodium chloride: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g.L -1 corresponding to the molar concentrations of 0, 17.11, 34.22, 68.44, 102.66 and 136.89 mM. The effect of water stress was evaluated under different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) corresponding to water potentials of: -0.04; -0.2; -0.4; -0.8 and -1.6 MPa. The results obtained showed that the salinity and the water potential directly affect the germination capacity of the caryopses of both provenances. However, coastal caryopses are more resistant to salinity than steppe caryopses with a tolerance threshold corresponding to 8g.L -1 (136.89 mM) of NaCl. Also, the coastal caryopses are much more resistant to water deficit than the steppe caryopses, they are able to germinate at a low water potential (-1.6 Mpa).
This study compares the various knowledge of the use of Ziziphus lotus L. in a semi-arid zone in the west of Algeria (Relizane province). The ethnobotanical survey used semi-structured interviews carried out on 300 people in four different localities. The final matrix was processed using the appropriate statistical methods for the different types of variables (quantitative and qualitative). The hierarchical ascendant classification reveals a high diversity of the use of Ziziphus by the local population (therapeutic and cosmetic). The Results indicate that the use of the plant is almost therapeutic (75%) whereas the most used parts are leaves (70,33 %) and fruits (19,66 %). The plant is much more used in cases of pain and fever with a percentage of 41,33 %. It is also used for gastrological and respiratory diseases. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the analyzed parameters. This is explained by the fact that the plant is used in different ways for different diseases with different modes. It was concluded that the inventory interview was the most effective method to better inform the local population's know-how, as it allowed for the identification, It is recommended to intensify the ethnobotanical investigations to trace the phytotherapeutic path of the species.
Objective:The study was conducted to determine in vitro antifungal activity of flavonoids extracted from leaves and barks from Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae) against two fungal strains appertaining to two different classes viz. yeast fungi (Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404) and filamentous fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Methods: Five flavonoid extracts were obtained from leaves and barks of Rhamnus alaternus L. in the mountain of Tessala. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by tube staining tests. The inhibition diameters were measured by the solid-state diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the solid dilution method. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied according to the flavonoid extract, the vegetative organ and the strain fungal type. The diameters of inhibition range from 5 to 24,2 mm for flavonoid bark extracts and from 7,2 to 17 mm for leaf extracts. On the other hand, these fungal strains were almost resistant to the antifungal marketed drugs viz. (Amphotericin B, Fluconazol, Terbinafine and Econazol Nitrate). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained range between 25 -50 µg/mL for Candida albicans strain and 6,25 µg/mL for Aspergillus niger. The phytochemical screening revealed the existence of certain classes of flavonoid such as flavans and flavonols that may be responsible for this antifungal power. Conclusion: The antifungal power of flavonoids extracted from leaves and barks of Rhamnus alaternus L. varied according to the type of flavonoid extract, its concentrations and resistance or sensitivity of the fungal strains. This plant offers a remarkable therapeutic potential, which reveals its worth in the field of pharmacological industry.
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