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Highlights The second common presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is urogenital tuberculosis. Most patients present with general symptoms, rarely they present like RCC. Suspicion of Tb is crucial to avoid missing UGTB for RCC particularly in epidemic countries. Renal cell carcinoma and genitourinary tuberculosis can coexist.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Sudanese men and most patients present at a late stage. Although the incidence of prostate cancer in Sudan is low compared to other African countries, studies on prostate cancer in Sudan are limited. This study addresses the clinical characteristics and outcomes of prostate cancer in Central Sudan and its prognostic factors.

Background: Worldwide, renal cell carcinoma comprises 2.2% and 1.8% of global cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Studies of epidemiology, treatment modalities and outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Sudan are scarce. To address this shortcoming, we evaluated baseline information on the epidemiology, types of treatment and outcomes of RCC at Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery (GHRDS) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Methods:We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of all patients with RCC, who were treated in GHRDS and NCI from January 2000 to December 2015.Results: A total of 189 patients with RCC were identified over the study period. Tumours were more common among male patients (56%) and involved the left kidney in 52% of cases. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (range: 21-90 years). Loin pain was the most frequent symptom (n = 103 patients) followed by weight loss (n = 103 patients) and haematuria (n = 65 patients). The most common histopathologic type of RCC was clear cell (73.5%), followed by papillary (13.8%) and chromophobe (1.6%). The relative frequencies of stages I-IV were 3.2%, 14.3%, 29.1% and 53.4%, respectively. The overall median survival rate was 24 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 40%. The 5-year survival rate in stages I-IV was 95%, 83%, 39%, and 17%, respectively. Advanced stages and higher-grade tumour were associated with worse survival. The median survival of stage IV patients was better for patients who underwent nephrectomy (11.0 months) compared to those who did not undergo nephrectomy (4.0 months) (p value = 0.28). Conclusion:Our findings reveal poor outcomes for patients with RCC in Sudan, which is most likely due to the high proportion of patients presenting with advanced stages at the time of initial presentation.

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Background/purpose: This study was conducted to present our experience in urethral mucosal graft urethroplasty to repair urethral stricture, as the first experience in our context.Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study that had been designed to review management outcomes of buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture from January 2017 to January 2019.Results: The total number of involved patients was 60. The success rate was found to be 90% (n= 54), while 6(10%) had a recurrence of stricture. Pain and pain combined bleeding from internal suture lines were the only early complication encountered in 50(83.3%) and 2(3.3%) patients, respectively. late complications occurred as follows 14(23.3%) patients had UTI, 12(20%) had wound infections, 8(13.3%) had changes in ejaculation, and decrease in intensity of orgasm, and 6(10%) had erectile dysfunction. One of the long-term complications was graft diverticulum in one case and was treated conservatively (in ventral on lay BMG).Conclusion: Improvement of the service in limited resources countries like Sudan and was reflected in the excellent outcome of BMG urethroplasty as treatment of anterior urethral stricture (success rate 90%).

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