Structural Query Language (SQL) is very restrictive and very dominant tool that handles data that is crisp and precise in nature; but it is unable to fulfill the needs for data which is uncertain, imprecise, and vague in nature. The human queries are rarely crisp, which need unusual requirements to deal with it based on world knowledge. These requirements are called Fuzzy Queries (FQ) that realizes some degrees of truth. Mixing the concepts of fuzzy set theory and SQL, FSQL is able to process imprecise and ambiguous data and also able to increase the facility of data retrieval based on linguistic terms. This paper describes a flexible query interface based on type-2 fuzzy logic. Hence, queries in natural language with pre-defined syntactical structures are executed, and the system uses a type-2 fuzzy process to provide answers. Type-2 fuzzy logic (T2FL) system offers the capability of handling a higher level of uncertainty than regular fuzzy logic, which is heavily used in the previous works. T2FL can be used when the situations are too uncertain to decide the exact membership functions. FSQL seems to be a practically feasible and efficient approach to contract with queries for crisp data that include a certain tolerance for imprecision compared to its SQL counterpart. Many experiments have been made on real database that show the effectiveness of the proposed model compared to the existing type-1 fuzzy systems and also show the high accuracy in the results.
Mobile Computing (MC) is a relatively new concept in the world of distributed computing that is rapidly gaining traction. Due to the dynamic nature of mobility and the limited bandwidth available on wireless networks, this new computing environment for mobile devices presents significant challenges in terms of fault-tolerant system development. As a consequence, traditional fault-tolerance techniques are inherently inapplicable to these systems. External circumstances often expose mobile systems to failures in communication or data storage. In this article, a quantum game theory-based recovery model is proposed in the case of a mobile host’s failure. Several of the state-of-the-art recovery protocols are selected and analyzed in order to identify the most important variables influencing the recovery mechanism, such as the number of processes, the time needed to send messages, and the number of messages logged-in time. Quantum game theory is then adapted to select the optimal recovery method for the given environment variables using the proposed utility matrix of three players. Game theory is the study of mathematical models of situations in which intelligent rational decision-makers face conflicting interests (alternative recovery procedures). The purpose of this study is to present an adaptive algorithm based on quantum game theory for selecting the most efficient context-aware computing recovery procedure. The transition from a classical to a quantum domain is accomplished in the proposed model by treating strategies as a Hilbert space rather than a discrete set and then allowing for the existence of linear superpositions between classical strategies; this naturally increases the number of possible strategic choices available to each player from a numerable to a continuous set. Numerical data are provided to demonstrate feasibility.
Contact between mobile hosts and database servers presents many problems in the Mobile Database System (MDS). It is harmed by a variety of causes, including handoff, inadequate capacity, frequent transaction updates, and repeated failures, both of which contribute to serious issues with the information system's consistency. However, error tolerance technicality allows devices to continue performing their functions in the event of a failure. The aim of this paper is to identify the optimal recovery approach from among the available state-of-the-art techniques in MDS by employing game theory. Several of the presented recovery protocols are chosen and evaluated in order to determine the most critical factors affecting the recovery mechanism, such as the number of processes, the time required to deliver messages, and the number of messages logged-in time. Then, using the suggested payout matrix, the game theory strategy is adapted to choose the optimum recovery technique for the specified environmental variables. The NS2 simulator was used to carry out the tests and apply the chosen recovery protocols. The experiments validate the proposed model's usefulness in comparison to other methods.
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