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Background/Aim: Slow release of fluoride from adhesives increases the concentration of fluorapatite in the hybrid layer and the underlying dentin and subsequently stabilizes the adhesive joint interface. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on the mineral content of the bonded resin/dentin interface and to compare between two similar commercial adhesive systems. Materials and Methods:This in vitro study was carried out on 20 caries-free upper and lower human molar teeth. All the procedures of acid etching, application of adhesives and resin composite buildup were restricted to dentin. Each tooth was prepared to receive Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive system on one half (Group I) and Prime & Bond NT on the other half (Group II). Sticks from the same tooth half of each adhesive system were mixed and then randomly divided into 3 subgroups according to storage time regimen: immediate, 3 months and 9 months in distilled water. The mineral content at resin-dentin interfaces was analyzed using an environmental scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analytical x-ray that was expressed as an atom percentage of the total area evaluated. Oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey's pair-wise comparison test were used to determine the significant effect of aging on the mineral content of resin-dentin interface. Comparison between the two adhesives at different time intervals was done using independent student t test, with p value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: There was significant difference among different follow up intervals regarding the mineral content of group I (p=0.040), while group II showed non-significant difference at same intervals (p=0.093). When the results of the two adhesives were compared to each other, there was no statistically significant difference between them in all of the storage periods except at 9 months (p=0.050). Conclusions:Both adhesives had an influence on the adhesive dentin interface's durability and resistance to degradation. Prime & Bond NT provided higher mineral content than Adper Single Bond 2 at all storage intervals tested.

Background/Aim: Prevention of caries initiation is a common concern for both clinicians and patients, among the effective ways of dental caries prevention is pits and fissures sealing. The current in vitro study was performed to assess the sealing ability and microleakage of three commercial flowable composites used for fissure sealing. Materials and Methods:The microleakage and sealing ability of three flowable resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative, SureFil SDR Flow and Vertise Flow) were evaluated and compared with the sealing ability of conventional composite resin fissure sealant (Helioseal F). 120 extracted caries free premolars were collected and equally distributed into four groups (n=30). Fissure sealant flowable composites were applied according to manufacturer's instruction. Samples were subjected to thermocycling, then immersed in a methylene blue dye for 48 hours. After that, each tooth was sectioned in to three sections and examined by a stereomicroscope with a X15 magnification. Photographs were captured for all sections to show and scored for microleakage as 0, 1, 2 or 3. The collected data was organized and analyzed by Chi-Square test, p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There were statistically significant differences between the three flowable composite vs Helioseal (p=0.000). There were statistically significant differences between Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative vs SureFil SDR Flow and Vertise Flow. Also, there was significant difference between SureFil SDR Flow vs Vertise Flow (p= 0.000 for all comparisons). Conclusions:The three tested flowable composite showed an acceptable sealing ability and low microleakage compared to Helioseal F sealant, the SureFil SDR Flow had the best sealing ability.

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Background:The diagnosis of hidden caries extending deeply into dentine with intact enamel is based on digital radiograph (RVG) and is considered a difficult procedure, which needs more analysis of the affected teeth. Aim:The purpose of the present study was to determine the accuracy of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) and the conventional method (bitewing radiograph) in identifying the depth of the proximal carious lesions in posterior teeth in vivo.Materials and methods: Forty proximal lesions were identified in 26 patients aged between 20-45 years old, who were recruited from the out clinic of Umm Al-Qura Dental Teaching Hospital. Following initial clinical examination, the patients were subjected to two diagnostic methods: The first one is a bitewing digital radiograph using GXS -700 Gendex with exposure time of 0.32 second and patients with scores from 1 to 3 were selected. The second method was carried out using the DIAGNOdent device to take the reading of demineralization existing in proximal surfaces. Only teeth with readings representing actual cavitation were included. Cavity preparations were performed to the selected carious lesions according to the extension of the caries, then axial cavity depths were measured, and teeth were restored using bonded resin composite restorations.Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between DIAGNOdent and RVG (R= 0.868; p< 0.05). Also, there were positive correlation between cavity depth and DIAGNOdent (R= 0.998; p< 0.01) as well as between cavity depth and RVG (R= 0.798; p< 0.05). The strongest correlation was detected between cavity depths with DIAGNOdent compared to RVG. Conclusion:The current study suggests that the score of DIAGNOdent has higher correlation with the cavity depth and it could present a better sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of proximal caries. Further studies are needed to measure the sensitivity and specificity of laser florescence.