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Our data suggest that early initiation of GnRH antagonist on day 1 of ovarian stimulation in PCOS patients undergoing ICSI-ET may improve implantation rates, especially after blastocyst transfer.

Objectives To assess existing evidence of the impact of vitamin D deficiency on reproductive success in infertile anovulatory females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and evaluate the possible need for vitamin D supplementation. Methods A systematic literature review of published studies (2009–2019) on this topic was performed. One investigator independently reviewed primary research articles, extracted details, and determined the quality of each study. Results Of 64 peer-reviewed articles identified, 5 were reviewed, 5 were of plus/positive quality. Two studies assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS patients. One study assessed vitamin D administration effect on endometrial thickness, and two studies evaluated the effect of vitamin D status on ovulation and live birth rates after ovulation induction. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in PCOS patients. Vitamin D status is an independent predictor of reproductive success in anovulatory patients with PCOS during ovulation induction. In such patients, vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased ovulation and live birth rates, and vitamin D supplementation improves endometrial thickness. Based on the current data, further research is needed; meanwhile clinicians should monitor vitamin D status and recommend vitamin D supplementation to infertile anovulatory PCOS women with vitamin D deficiency. Funding Sources None.