Endophytic fungi that reside in plant tissues are a potential source of secondary metabolites with biological activities. In our study, we investigated the detection of the antioxidant activity of the crude fungal extract of the genera Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium: endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Peganum harmala harvested in Laghouat and extract of these same leaves. The extraction of these metabolites was carried out using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity of the latter was carried out by the DPPH test.Our tests reveal that the extracts studied have a low antioxidant activity. The inhibitory concentrations show a higher antioxidant effect for the Penicillium extract compared to the other extracts studied. The antioxidant molecules are related to the content of polyphenols.Penicillium extract has the highest polyphenol content. Our results confirm that endophytic fungi are a potential and limited source of natural antioxidant compounds, in the same way as plants.
Medicinal plants are an inexhaustible source of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols including flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids, which generate various biological activities. Keeping this in mind, we were interested in a spontaneous plant Peganum harmala L. to demonstrate the antimitotic and genotoxic effect of the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions (aqueous and butanolic) of the leaves of this species on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. Mitotic indices, phase indices, aberration indices as well as cytotoxicity limit values were calculated for our different samples and controls, namely the negative (distilled water) and positive controls (colchicine 1mg/ml and quercetin 1mg/ml). The results indicate a mitodepressant and sublethal effect, observed with the alkaloid and flavonoid fractions of the leaves of Peganum harmala L. Exposure of meristematic cells to the samples resulted in an antimitotic and genotoxic effect translated into a large number of chromosomal, nuclear and cellular aberrations.
Medicinal plants are an inexhaustible source of molecules. They are colonized by mycoendophytes, fungi living in their tissues without apparent symptoms. These fungi can provide secondary metabolites with biological activities. It is with this in mind that we are interested in a spontaneous plant from the dayas region (Laghouat, Algeria): Peganum harmala or Harmel, a toxic medicinal plant belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae. Our study consists in highlighting the antibacterial activity of four kinds of mycoendophytes: Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium isolated from the leaves of this plant. The antibacterial activity is evaluated by the technique of the double disk diffusion on agar with respect to some Gram-positive bacterial strains. We have adopted two protocols for this purpose. For the first, the mycelia of all the mushrooms are deposited in the same petri dish. For the second, a single disc of the mycelium of a single species is deposited per box. The results obtained show a difference in the sensitivity of the bacterial strains to the bioactive substances of the mycoendophytes studied. The Alternaria genus showed the most significant activity. ANOVA performed between the mean diameters of the mycoendophyte inhibition zones and the antibiotic test disc: Chloramphenicol showed a highly significant difference between these two measurements. The Newman-Keuls test revealed a difference in the susceptibility of bacterial strains to the secondary metabolites of fungus mycoendophytes of Peganum harmala according to the two protocols used. The antibacterial effect is related to interactions between endophytic fungi and their host plant.
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