If n ≥ 3, then moduli space M 0,[n+1] , of isomorphisms classes of (n+1)-marked spheres, is a complex orbifold of dimension n − 2. Its branch locus B 0,[n+1] consists of the isomorphism classes of those (n + 1)-marked spheres with non-trivial group of conformal automorphisms. We prove that B 0,[n+1] is connected if either n ≥ 4 is even or if n ≥ 6 is divisible by 3, and that it has exactly two connected components otherwise. The orbifold M 0,[n+1] also admits a natural real structure, this being induced by the complex conjugation on the Riemann sphere. The locus M 0,[n+1] (R) of its fixed points, the real points, consists of the isomorphism classes of those marked spheres admitting an anticonformal automorphism. Inside this locus is the real locus M R 0,[n+1] , consisting of those classes of marked spheres admitting an anticonformal involution. We prove that M R 0,[n+1] is connected for n ≥ 5 odd, and that it is disconnected for n = 2r with r ≥ 5 is odd.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 30F10, 30F60, 32G15.
The theory of dessins d’enfants on compact Riemann surfaces, which are bipartite maps on compact orientable surfaces, are combinatorial objects used to study branched covers between compact Riemann surfaces and the absolute Galois group of the field of rational numbers. In this paper, we show how this theory is naturally extended to non-compact orientable surfaces and, in particular, we observe that the Loch Ness monster (LNM; the surface of infinite genus with exactly one end) admits infinitely many regular dessins d’enfants (either chiral or reflexive). In addition, we study different holomorphic structures on the LNM, which come from homology covers of compact Riemann surfaces, and infinite hyperelliptic and infinite superelliptic curves.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.