Background: Infectious diarrhea represents a life-threatening problem among children in developing countries. Objectives: This work aimed to study bacterial, viral and parasitic causes of acute diarrhea; with genetic determination of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) in <5 years children. Methodology: Stool specimens were collected from 206 diarrheal children. Bacterial agents were isolated and identified by standard microbiological procedures. Multiplex PCR was done for genetic determination of DEC subtypes. ELISA was used for detection of viral and parasitic agents. Results: Stool specimens with at least single positive enteropathogen accounted for 98.5% with bacterial, viral and parasitic rates of 98.5%, 42.7% and 25.2%, respectively. Isolated bacteria were DEC (98.5%); Campylobacter (14%), Shigella (3.8%) and Salmonella (1.4%). Rota and Noroviruses showed prevalence of 32.5% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Infectious diarrhea were mostly due to bacterial agents. DEC and Campylobacter were predominant. EAEC and EPEC were the most genetically determined DEC subtypes.
Background: Rapid antigen detection tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection could promote the clinical and public health policies to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection and molecular approaches could expand entry to checking and initial evidence of issues and playing an essential role in public health managing choices that may decrease the transmission. Objectives: We evaluated the diagnostic accurateness of couple of rapid antigen recognition tests equated with the molecular-based assays for verdict of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The 100 nasopharyngeal swabs were verified by the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kit as a gold standard for COVID-19 recognition. SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag) was evaluated in the nasopharyngeal swabs using iFlash and UNICELL-2019-nCoV antigen methods. The iFlash-2019-nCoV antigen assay, which is a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), was used to qualitatively determine the nucleocapsid protein antigen, where the other one was used to identify the nucleocapsid protein antigen by lateral flow immunofluorescent test. Results: Out of the 100 samples, 62% were positive by RT-PCR. Amongst 62 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 43 (69.4%) were positive by iFlash and 40 samples (64.5%) were positive by the UNICELL-2019-nCoV antigen assay. The specificity of both I Flash-2019-nCoV antigen assay & UNICELL-2019-nCoV antigen assay with RT-PCR were 100% and sensitivity were 69.35 and 64.52%, respectively. This sensitivity was augmented to 100% compared with the PCR with Ct-value of ≤25 and specificity of 80.28 and 84.51%, respectively. Conclusion: Antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests may be motivating in the initial stage of the infection when the viral load is elevated, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission be high.
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