Objective: To determine Vitamin-D status in children with urinary tract infection. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was done at Pediatric Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from July 2019 to March 2020. A total of 172 children of either gender from 2 to 60 months of age with confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) (having positive urine C/S report) were included in the study. The child who received antibiotics 48 hours prior or already on immunosuppressive drugs and steroids from previous health record or by taking clinically relevant history), children with CKD on vitamin-D supplementation, and known case of Vitamin-D deficiency were also excluded from the study. All study participants were evaluated for vitamin-D level by high performance liquid chromatography. Urine sample was collected for C/S and 1 cc venous blood was taken for Vitamin D status (ng/ml). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) and stratification was calculated for age, duration of urinary tract infection and vitamin-D level. Post stratification chi-square test was applied for all categorical variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average age of the patients was 41.51±18.34 months. There were 130 (75.58%) females and 40 (23.25%) males. Most common complaint of the children was fever 150 (87.21%). Vomiting was present in 31 (18.02%), abdominal pain 22 (12.79%) and dysuria in 15 (8.72%) children. A total of 129 (75%) children had pyelonephritis and 15 (25%) had cystitis. (Frequency of vitamin-D deficiency in children with diagnosed UTI was 45.93% (79/172). Mild vitamin D deficiency was present in 42 (53.16%) children, while moderate deficiency in 55 (69.62%) children. E. Coli was the most common pathogen in both mild and moderate vitamin D deficiency i.e., 20 (47.61) and 31 (56.36%) respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of urinary tract infection is more common in children having vitamin D deficiency. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3896 How to cite this:Qadir S, Memon S, Chohan MN, Memon Y. Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3896 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of BCG vaccination in children with tuberculous meningitis of age 01 to 12 years at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: Six months from 20-08-2016 to 20-02-2017. Material and Methods: A total of 189 children with history of fever (axillary temperature >37.2°C) for ≥14 days duration with presentation, CT scan and CSF findings consistent with tuberculous meningitis were selected in this study. The data was collected on pre-structured proforma (attached). Results: There were 86(45.5%) male and 103(54.5%) female. Frequency of BCG vaccination in children with tuberculosis meningitis was found in 130(68.78%) cases. Conclusion: Our results show effectiveness of BCG vaccine in preventing TBM. Regardless of the protective efficacy of BCG in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis, in areas in which tuberculosis affects a significant percentage of the population, continued use of BCG may be warranted to prevent tuberculous meningitis.
Aim: To compare the awareness and knowledge regarding IYCF practice among House Officers versus general practitioner Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study Place and duration of study: Pediatric Department LUMHS from January 2018 to June 2018 Methodology: A total of 200 doctors were selected with non-probability purposive sampling technique and divided equally in Group A (House Officers and Group B (General Practitioner) for our convenience. A total of 100 fresh medical graduates (House Officers) and 100 general practitioner of at least 3 years’ experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was use to collect the information regarding awareness of IYCF. Two groups were compared by using Chi square test and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 participants were divided in two groups, Group A consist of 100 house officers and Group B 100 general practitioner. Thirty questions were asked from each participants and response rate was 100%. For one question both groups answered 100%, for 27 questions house officers gave correct answers as compared to general practitioner, while for 2 questions general practitioner answers correctly then the house officers. Conclusion: Fresh Doctors (House officers had better knowledge regarding the IYCF practice as compared to General Practitioner. General Practitioner should be trained for IYCF and it should be a part of curriculum of final years MBBS students. Keywords: IYCF, General Practitioners, Mother feeding, Young doctors
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