Acetochlor is persistently used in the agroproduction sector to control broadleaf weeds. Due to frequent and continuous applications, this herbicide can reach nearby water bodies and may induce deleterious changes in aquatic life. Therefore, investigation of harmful impacts of different environmental pollutants, including herbicides, is vital to knowing the mechanisms of toxicity and devising control strategies. The current experiment included bighead carp ( n = 80 ) to estimate adverse impacts. Fish were randomly placed in 4 different experimental groups (T0-T3) and were treated for 36 days with acetochlor at 0, 300, 400, and 500 μg/L. Fresh blood without any anticoagulant was obtained and processed for nuclear and morphological changes in erythrocytes. At the same time, various visceral organs, including the gills, liver, brain, and kidneys, were removed and processed on days 12, 24, and 36 to determine oxidative stress and various antioxidant biomarkers. Comet assays revealed significantly increased DNA damage in isolated cells of the liver, kidneys, brain, and gills of treated fish. We recorded increased morphological and nuclear changes ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in the erythrocyte of treated fish. The results on oxidative stress showed a higher quantity of oxidative biomarkers and a significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) low concentration of cellular proteins in the gills, liver, brain, and kidneys of treated fish compared to unexposed fish. Our research findings concluded that acetochlor renders oxidative stress in bighead carp.
R OADS affect the population of wild animals and are source of barrier between animal's, leads to reduction of biodiversity results in population isolation. To observe roadside accidental biodiversity loss and estimate the total number of accidental biodiversity loss in order to provide solutions to reduce the roadside biodiversity loss, the study was designed to measure the roadside accidental biodiversity loss from Bahawalpur to Lal Sohanra road with a length of 30 Kms and Yazman to Bahawalpur with a length of 31km distance) where two way traffic mode which kept under observation for the collection of data. Average mortality ratio was calculated and it was observed that Reptiles, Birds and Mammals have 2.88±1.92, 3.71±2.96 and 7.46±3.88 per month respectively, on both studied transects (Bahawalpur to Lal Sohanra and Yazman to Bahawalpur). Road has a profound effect on the mortality fauna and wildlife loss occur due to neglegance of drivers. Foraging behavior of animals is one of the major causes to these exposures of roads. In conclousion, Propre counseling of driver about the importance of fauna, vistors should avoid putting partially consumed food bags on road, solid waste management should adequqte and fancing of roads by trees to avoid exposure of fauna to roads.
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