Mulberry leaves have been known to be rich in 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) which inhibits postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-glucosidase in the small intestine and thereby reducing the breakdown of starch and other complex sugar into glucose. Mulberry leaf extract also contains many other bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. They are very effective in supporting blood sugar levels and balancing cholesterol and triglycerides. The DNJ content in mulberry leaves depends on the leaf's variety and age. In this study, the phytochemical profile and DNJ content of young leaves and mature mulberry leaves in Indonesia were determined to further promote mulberry use using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Pyrolisis Gass Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The phytochemicals test result for the four leaf samples showed that all four samples contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and terpenes. The mature leaves of M. cathayana contain the highest DNJ concentration (2.90 mg DNJ/g leaves) out of eight samples. DNJ has the potential to be used as a functional food for diabetic patients. Analysis using HPLC and Py-GC-MS confirmed that mulberry species contain many beneficial phytochemicals. This study presented that Indonesian mulberry leaves extracts to have high phytochemical compositions which very potential utilized in the medicinal field.
In every teaching and learning process includes English teaching, there is a phase called ice breaking. The activity that generally only lasts a few minutes is a paramount aspect. Every English teacher or even the candidate has to be skillful in preparing effective ice breaking. Although ice breaking is viewed as a crucial stage in a teaching process, many students miss this phase when they have to do teaching practice. Therefore, the community service team regarding a workshop about icebreaking is still needed by the students as the teacher candidates. This workshop was conducted online via Google Meet in two days, and the participants were the students of the English Language Teaching Department of Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto. In the workshop, the participants learned the theories related to ice breaking and the examples of ice breaking. They also did some practice on creating ice breaking. Overall, the two-day workshop ran well. The questioner's result also tends to be positive and based on the tasks submitted, the participant's ability to create ice breakers is good enough
Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food that has many advantages as food and the process of making it is quite simple. However, the community knowledge about tempeh and the skills to produce healthy tempeh are still low. This community service aimed to increase the knowledge about tempeh and to improve the skills of its manufacturers in making healthy and good quality tempeh. The activities were carried out for mothers living in Villa Dago Tol complex, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15414, by using the methods of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring. Monitoring was conducted to measure the success rate of participants in producing healthy tempeh. The level of community knowledge about tempeh was evaluated through survey method. The results of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring succeeded in improving the participant skills as seen from the participants' success in following the healthy tempeh-making procedure. The results were also reinforced by the results of monitoring where all participants managed to create healthy tempeh. Survey results showed participants’ increasing knowledge of healthy tempeh and motivation in producing healthy tempeh. Assessment of participants showed good results, especially in improving knowledge (73% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). The ability of the facilitators in delivering the material was also considered good by the participants (92% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). As a follow-up, the participants suggested that the training be extended to the other communities and the training also include a variety of topics such as the manufacturing of tofu, healthy food processing, sewing, and many others.
Wulandari YRE, Yogiara, Lizar M. 2018. Short Communication: Detection of lectin gene (MLL1 and M35) in mulberry plant (Morus spp.) from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Biodiversitas 19: 2381-2384. Plant species contains carbohydrate-binding protein known as lectin or agglutinin. Lectin binds to specific carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides or oligosaccharides and initiates agglutination process. Lectin plays an important role as plant defense, so that it can be used to prevent pest attacks. Mulberry leaf lectin 1 (MLL1) from young leaves of Morus alba can be used against phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori. Mannose-binding lectin (M35) was found on stems of M. nigra as protein storage. M35 is also produced on roots of M. alba and induced by mulberry stem cuttings. This research purpose was to isolate and analyze lectin gene expression (MLL1 and M35) in M. alba var. multicaulis, M. cathayana, M. bombycis var. lembang, and M. alba var. kanva-2 from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Different plant organ including leaves, stems, and roots were used as source of samples and analyze using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that all of MLL1 genes were expressed in young leaves, but not expressed in stems and roots of mulberry plant samples. The M35 gene was expressed in young leaves, stems, and roots of all mulberry plant samples. Reverse Transcription PCR of MLL1 gene exhibited a 350 bp DNA band, while M35 gene exhibited a 99 bp DNA band.
Abstract. Wulandari YRE, Anggradita LD. 2020. Variation of axillary growth as respond of Morus spp. micropropagation using various concentrations of Indonesian local solid substance. Biodiversitas 21: 80-85. The difficulties of growing Morus spp. makes it become one local plant that hard to cultivate conventionally even though it’s a beneficiary plant. Hence cultivation Morus spp. through tissue culture technique could help growing this plant. This research is aimed to design the optimal condition for micropropagation of local Morus spp. (Morus bombycis var. lembang, M. cathayana, M. multicaulis, and M. alba var. kanva-2) using agar-agar as Indonesian local solid substance. This solid substance is used as its cheap and easy to find compared to other solid substances. This research used MS medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm naphthalene acetic acid + 1.0 ppm benzyl aminopurine and various concentration of agar-agar (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%). Growth rate, axillary bud length and number, leaf number, callus formation and contamination were observed in this research. All those concentrations could be used for micropropagation of Morus spp. Agar concentrations of 0.8 and 1.0% showed better results than 0.6% because it showed the highest results.
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