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Purpose This study aims to test the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on firm performance. This study does it through an examination of the hypotheses of efficient monitoring and convergence of interests from the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Design/methodology/approach Using a panel smooth transition regression model, as a new econometric technique, this paper examined the data to explore the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on firm performance. With regard to 177 firms for the period 2009 to 2018 from TSE. Performance proxies are returned on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobins’ Q. Findings The empirical for three performance proxies results strongly rejected the null hypothesis of linearity and the test for no remaining nonlinearity indicated a model with one transition function and one threshold parameters. The first regime (levels of institutional ownership below 28.5% and 43.5% for ROA and Tobins’ Q) showed that performance increases with institutional ownership while the trend was reversed in the second regime (levels of institutional ownership above 28.5% and 43.5% for ROA and Tobins’ Q percent). Also, institutional shareholders percent between 4.2 and 14.1 explain the positive relationship between institutional shareholders and ROE. Originality/value Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of institutional ownership theories calls for more inquiry.

The primary aim of the present research was to fill the significant gap in the accounting literature, which is widely acknowledged, regarding the association between conservative accounting and the value of cash, particularly in emerging Islamic stock markets. By using a sample including all the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2017, we regress the value of cash on accounting conservatism with regard to the moderator role of audit quality (audit tenure, audit opinion, audit size, and earnings management as proxies for audit quality). Generally, the findings not only confirm a positive relationship between accounting conservatism and cash value in the absence of audit quality but also suggest that ignoring the important role of audit quality mechanism can result in wrong conclusions concerning the effect of accounting conservatism on cash value, especially in developing countries such as Iran, due to concentrated government and institutional ownership structures. This cross-sectional analysis based on firm growth leads to the conclusion that analysis regarding the relationship between accounting conservatism and cash value must be taken into account by highlighting the impact of macroeconomic variables and political economy. Furthermore, the findings of the current study suggest that the application of monitoring and controlling theories calls for more inquiry.

Purpose This study is primarily aimed at investigating the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on the relationship between stock liquidity and stock return. It was conducted by testing the hypotheses regarding efficient monitoring and adverse selection from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Design/methodology/approach Using a panel smooth transition regression model and selecting 183 firms for the period from 2009 to 2019 from TSE, this study examined the data to explore the asymmetric impact of institutional ownership on the relationship between stock liquidity and stock return. Findings The results show a positive impact by institutional ownership on the relationship between stock liquidity and stock return in the first regime (threshold level 39%), whereas in the second regime, there is a negative impact by institutional ownership on the relationship between stock liquidity and stock return. Furthermore, the firms were divided into two groups based on the market value. The first group includes those with a market share less than the mean total market value of the sample. The second group includes firms with a market share higher than the mean total market value of the sample (large firms). The results illustrate that the threshold level is 32% and 44% for the first and second groups, respectively. Originality/value The findings of this study suggest that institutional ownership theories require closer inquiry.