The aim of this study was to determine allelopathic effects of some emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) wheat lines on germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). For this purpose, fourty-nine emmer and thirty-six einkorn wheat lines with two commercial durum wheat cultivars (cvs. Svevo and Saragolla) were sown in experimental field of Akdeniz University. Leaves of emmer and einkorn lines were cut at the end of tillering stage (Z29) to obtain sufficient plant extracts. Afterwards, germination rates of weed species were recorded by carrying out petri experiments. Many of the emmer and einkorn wheat lines highly inhibited the germination of two weed species compared to durum wheat cultivars but some lines were found very efficient for inhibition of both species. Four lines of emmer and eight lines of einkorn wheat inhibited germination of redroot pigweed over 90% while one emmer line and six lines of einkorn inhibited germination of ryegrass over 80%. According to average germination values, it was revealed that while ten lines of emmer and seventeen lines of einkorn reduced germination of both weed species by more than 50%, effect of commercial wheat cultivars remained at the rate of 35% and 18%, respectively. As a result, there was a clear evidence that some lines of emmer and einkorn wheat had a suppressive effect on germination of two important weed species. This is the first report about the allelopathic potential of the emmer and einkorn wheats. However, further researches are needed to test effectiveness of these wheats on allelopathy under both greenhouse and field conditions in detail.
Little is known about the potential benefits of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) in combination with various weed management tactics in processing vegetable legume crops such as edamame, lima bean, and snap bean. Field experiments were conducted over 3 yr to determine the extent to which early-terminated rye (ETR) and integrated weed management (IWM) tactics, including pre-and post-emergence herbicides with (augmented) or without (standard) hand weeding, suppress weed density and biomass. Possible drawbacks on crop establishment and yield were also investigated. Early-terminated rye (cereal rye terminated 4 wk before vegetable crops planting; i.e., Feekes growth stage 8.00 to 9.00) reduced total weed biomass 53 and 73% compared with stale seedbed (SSB) in edamame and snap bean, respectively. In contrast, total weed density and biomass were increased by 67 and 39%, respectively, in lima bean under ETR compared with SSB treatment. Early-terminated rye did not influence edamame establishment or yield; however, snap and lima beans had reduced yield. Soil nitrate-nitrogen 4 wk after planting was negatively correlated with soil moisture in all vegetable legume crops tested. The application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides, particularly when followed by hand weeding, reduced weed density and biomass and improved yield in all crops, except snap bean, compared with weedy plots. Results show that ETR can serve as an important component of IWM in edamame.
Bu çalışma, malç tekstili adını verdiğimiz materyalin, yeni tesis edilen turunçgil bahçelerinde yabancı ot kontrolü amacıyla, konvansiyonel polietilen malç naylonu ve çiftçi koşullarında yaygın olarak uygulanan mekanik ve kimyasal mücadele ile kıyaslamalı olarak etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla doktora tez çalışmasının bir bölümü olarak yürütülmüştür. Yeni tesis mandalina bahçesinde üç yıl süreyle (2004-2005-2006) yürütülen çalışmada, iki farklı kalınlıkta polietilen malç, üç farklı kalınlıkta malç tekstili, biçme ve herbisit (glyphosate) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Uygulamaların yabancı otların yoğunluğu ve kaplama alanına, kültür bitkisinin boy, gövde kalınlığı ve yaprak alanına etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, yabancı otlu kontrole oranla biçme uygulaması %23,4, kimyasal mücadele %88,4, polietilen malç %99,6, malç tekstili uygulamaları %100 oranında yabancı otları kontrol etmiştir. Kültür bitkisinin boyu, gövde çapı ve yaprak alanındaki en yüksek artış herbisit ve malç uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Malç uygulamalarının toprak sıcaklığı ve nemini muhafaza ettiği belirlenmiştir. The Effects of Mulch Textile Application on Weed Control and Mandarin Growing in Newly Established Mandarin Orchard A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Research ArticleReceived 11 April 2016 Accepted 26 May 2017In this study, material that we call mulch textile was investigated as compared with conventional polyethylene mulch nylon and mechanical and chemical control that are widely used in farmer's conditions to weed control in newly established citrus orchards. Two different thickness of polyethylene mulch, three different thickness of mulch textiles, mowing and herbicide (glyphosate) applications were made in newly established mandarin orchard in a three-year-period (2004-2005-2006). Effects of the applications on density and coverage of weeds and height, stem thickness and leaf area of cultural plants were investigated. According to general evaluation of results of the study, mowing 23.4%, chemical control 88.4%, polyethylene mulch 99.6%, mulch textiles 100% controlled weeds than weedy control. At the most increase of height, stem thickness and leaf area of mandarin was obtained from herbicide and mulch treatments. It was determined that soil temperature and moisture are preserved by mulch applications.
Effects of some cereal root exudates on germination of broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.)Bazı tahıl kök salgılarının canavar otlarının (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri
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