The foremost aim of the present research study is to measure specific gravity of lead-acid batteries and further know batterys state-of-charge (SoC). In this article, air purge method is used to monitor the status of a battery; back differential pressure is measured using MPX4006 DP MEMS pressure sensor. In air purge method, it is essential to adjust the rate of bubbles in acid. This can be achieved by controlling the compressors speed or controlling the air flow by controllers. When air purge tubes are inserted through a batterys cap, it is difficult to observe bubbles produced in the acid as the battery is nontransparent. If the bubble rate is too slow, the system lowers the output signal and hence stops working. During the calibration of the instrument, air flow measurement through the pipe is of prime importance. In this method, FS1012 MEMS gas flow sensor is used to monitor the discharged air flow. FS1012 is based on the thermo-transfer principle. Compared to the resistive technique, this flow sensor consists of a thermopile for air flow sensing whose signal-noise ratio is exceptional. The output of the sensor is exponential; signal conditioning circuit has been designed to get linear output 0 to 3.3 V standard range. The amplified output of signal conditioning circuit is monitored using TM4C123GXL arm controller. FS1020 is first time proposed to monitor the air flow of a small air purge probe used to monitor the state of charge of a lead-acid battery. FS1020 ensures an ideal flow of the air bubbler system, which improves the performance of the battery charge monitoring system. Conventional flow sensors for example, rotameter cannot be used for very low flow measurement; they are costlier as well as bulky. The minimum flow required to produce sufficient bubbles in acid is 0.50 liter per minute (LPM) which is measured by FS 1012.
Traditional methods for measuring the specific gravity (SG) of lead-acid batteries are offline, time-consuming, unsafe, and complicated. This study proposes an online method for the SG measurement to estimate the state-of-charge (SoC) of lead-acid batteries. This proposed method is based on an air purge system integrating with a micro electro mechanical system sensor. Through the proposed strategy, the SoC measurement achieves up to ±1% accuracy. The technique has an SG accuracy of ±0.002% which is better than the glass hydrometer accuracy of ±0.005% in the battery charge reading. The experimental results show that the high accuracy and precise measurements of SG and SoC can be conducted by using the proposed method.
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