The field experiment entitled "Studies on bio-intensive multiple cropping system module in Kymore Satpura Plateau under irrigated condition" was taken under All India Coordinated Research Project on Farming System, Kuthulia farm of JNKVV, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) during 2017-18 to 2019-20. The study reveals that rice crop performed better under the residual effect of different cropping system module significantly and grain yield of rice was increased by 2% to 14.83% as compared to existing rice-wheat system. Maximum grain yield of rice 52.79 q/ha was obtained in ricebarley-bajra cropping system followed by 50.68 q/ha in rice-gram+mustard-green manure cropping system. Rice equivalent yield (275.29 q/ha) and gross return (Rs.495520/ha) were obtained in rice-garlic cropping system followed by 149.42 q/ha REY and gross return Rs.268969/ha under rice-potato-green gram cropping system. The net profit Rs.321880/ha was maximum in rice-garlic followed by Rs.192342/ha in rice-potato-green gram cropping system. Benefit cost ratio 3.28 was maximum in rice-berseem followed by 3.19 under rice-gram+mustard-green manure cropping system while rice-pea-green gram and rice-toria-onion gave lower B:C ratio than existing rice-wheat system.
The conversation around Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, a provision that addresses marital cruelty, is saturated with the discourse of ‘misuse’, and the belief that it is the province of ‘scheming wives’ making ‘false allegations’. However, not all cases filed under Section 498A reach the courtroom at all. Before cases go to trial, the police conduct an investigation, and may close the case if it is found to be ‘false’ or the result of a ‘misunderstanding’. This paper explores the trajectory of such cases through interviews with women and stakeholders, and analysis of police reports. It was found that women approach lawyers and the police when they are facing violence they are unable to tolerate, to leverage police intervention. Laywers direct them to Section 498A to leverage the pressure of arrest. Women agree to close the case once some degree of ‘compromise’ has been effected by the police. The number of these ‘false’ cases paradoxically feeds the discourse of misuse, and judicial reluctance to convict. Women continue to turn to the state for support in ending violence. There is thus an urgent need for a vastly improved network of social services and better connections between multiple women-centric laws.
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