Global emergence of Zika Virus (ZIKV) with prevalent outbreaks has been reported in numerous countries of South America, Central America and the Caribbean region. According to recent World Health Organization (WHO)-ZIKV situation report, 84 countries/territories/subnational areas represented with established mosquito-borne transmission of ZIKV. As of 10 August 2017, cumulative Zika cases and congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus reported by countries and territories in the Americas, 2015 -2017 includes 217,471 confirmed cases with the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 0.01% and 78.08 incidence rate. ZIKV has undoubtedly become a major threat in countries endemic for other Flavivirus infection. Factors such as urbanization, global trade and travel, tropical/sub-tropical climate, prevalence of Aedes vector and poor waste management altogether are responsible for ZIKV infection in Southeast Asian countries. The occurrence of co-infection by other Flavivirus (Dengue) and ZIKV have been reported in tropical/subtropical region, implying the role of sero-cross reactivity and initiating antibody dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection. The trans-placental transmission of ZIKV in pregnant women makes the fetus more susceptible to ZIKV infection. In order to control ZIKV infection, development of robust vaccine and effective antivirals are required urgently. This review majorly discusses about ZIKV epidemiology, modes of transmission, antibody dependent enhancement and prevention and control strategies.
The transportation systems have been an integral part of various civilizations since the earliest of times. Advancements have been made from time to time depending upon the feasibility, durability, efficiency and ease of access in the locomotives from trains to motor-cycles. The alarming issues regarding global warming and emission of greenhouse gases, arising in recent decades, have brought the conquest to explore more dependable and less harmful sources of energy as compared to fossil fuels into concern around the scientific community in the field of transport. This concern has brought the electrification of transportation under global attention. Since the railways were being connected with overhead conducting rails through pantograph sliders, the electric vehicles (EVs) have been a topic of immersive interest. Electric locomotives have been successfully developed in railway systems for many years. Because trains run on a fixed track, going all-electric is easier than going all-electric with electric cars. As compared to railways, EVs have a more flexible and complex mode of conveyance due to which they cannot be powered the same way. Apart from this EV charging methods take time, and with a plug-in charging technique, only one car may be charged at a time in a specific slot, which is neither flexible nor convenient
Multi-omic data spanning from genotype, gene expression to protein expression have been increasingly explored, with attempt to better interpret genetic findings from genome wide association studies and to gain more insight of the disease mechanism. However, gene expression and protein expression are part of dynamic process changing in various ways as a cell ages. Expression data captured by existing technology is often noisy and only capture a screenshot of the dynamic process. Performance of models built on top of these expression data is undoubtedly compromised. To address this problem, we propose a new interpretable deep multi-omic network fusion model (MoFNet) for predictive modeling of Alzheimer′s disease. In particular, the information flow from DNA to protein is leveraged as a prior multi- omic network to enhance the signal in gene and protein expression data so as to achieve better prediction power. The proposed model MoFNet significantly outperformed all other state-of-art classifiers when evaluated using genotype, gene expression and protein expression data from the ROS/MAP cohort. Instead of individual markers, MoFNet yielded 3 major multi-omic subnetworks related to innate immune system, clearance of unwanted cells or misfolded proteins, and neurotransmitter release respectively.
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