Highly branched “bottlebrush” polymers are a class of macromolecules characterized by side chains that are densely grafted from a backbone that is typically linear. Their unique and often-desirable properties stem from steric repulsion between side chains, which stiffens the molecular contour and increases interchain spacing. There has been a renaissance in both our fundamental understanding, practical synthesis, and application of these materials, due to synergistic advances in all branches of polymer science. In this perspective, we outline how a wide variety of new functional bottlebrush materials have emerged from the convergence of insights from the entire materials design process; the integration of synthesis, characterization, processing, and modeling has demonstrated the promise of these branched macromolecules as a versatile platform for molecular engineering. We discuss how this platform may be further developed to exhibit novel material properties in and out of equilibrium and put into practice due to the next generation of synthetic, analytical, processing, and computational tools in materials chemistry.

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate differences in the characteristics of the aqueous solutions of two structurally similar, biologically important molecules, namely, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and trimethylamine- N-oxide (TMAO). By analyzing radial distribution functions, preferential solvation factors, and the number of nearest neighbors, structural characteristics of the two aqueous solutions are found to be dramatically different. By examining the distribution of nearest neighbor solute and solvent molecules in these two solutions, it is found that the aqueous solution of TMAO is homogeneous, whereas that of TBA is not. Further scrutiny of TBA-TBA radial distribution function at a high concentration by splitting the surrounding TBA molecules into two hemispheres demonstrates that the TBA aggregation occurs not only from the side of methyl moieties of TBA as expected in hydrophobicity-induced aggregation, but also from the side of the polar C-OH group. To analyze the effect of concentration of the two solute molecules (TBA and TMAO) on the local structure of water, tetrahedral order parameter and distributions of tetrahedral angles and hydrogen-bonding angles have been calculated for both the solutions. It is surprising to see that at high concentrations, the local water structure in the TMAO solution is more disrupted compared to the same in the TBA solution. Finally, the action of these two solutes on the folding-unfolding behavior of Trp-cage miniprotein has been analyzed and their contrasting activities toward the protein stability are correlated to the strikingly different behavior of their aqueous solutions.

Bottlebrush polymers are large macromolecules with a high density of brushes grafted onto a central backbone.Recent experimental work has seen the expansion of these polymer architectures beyond cylinders. Herein we develop a Monte Carlo (MC) method to explore the precision with which these noncylindrical materials can be produced and look to generate design rules for the synthesis of these materials. The computational method captures the stochasticity of the polymerization methods and generates large ensembles of bottlebrush polymers using various synthetic parameters like brush dispersity, backbone dispersity, and rate of polymerization. For each of the cases studied, three independent descriptors (two of them describing the geometrical aspect of the macromolecules and one for the variance in brush lengths) were evaluated. The method highlights the varying tolerance of brush conversion as a function of the target bottlebrush architecture and a need for the low brush (<1.2) and narrow backbone dispersity to get the highest precision in architecture control of bottlebrush polymers. Furthermore, the MC method is utilized to draw comparisons between different methodologies for architecture control. The visualization developed using the Monte Carlo method provides a new way to characterize the precision of architecture-controlled bottlebrush polymer synthesis that is complementary to traditional characterization techniques.

A bstract-This paper has proposed an IoT based industrial fault detection and diagnosis system. The IoT (Internet of things) based industry protection system employing Arduino is intended to safeguard industries from losses brought on by accidents and monitoring the faults. Industrial accidents such as gas leakage causes fire resulting in significant industrial setbacks. Due to furnace explosions, electrical short circuits, or other circumstances, quick fire detection is also required. The proposed system uses flame sensor along with gas sensor to detect fire as well as gas leakage to avoid any industrial mishaps and prevent economic damage. The system consists of temperature detector to detect the high/low temperature, the phase fault detector (either single or three phases), voltage controller (high/low), and frequency monitoring. Flame and Gas sensors are also interfaced with arduino and LCD screen. The sensor data is constantly scanned to record values and check for fire, gas leakage and then this data is transmitted to online. The wifi module is used to achieve internet functionality. GSM module is sent message to specific numbers in case human operators aren't present in online always. IP camera monitor the whole system from anywhere in the world.

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