-The purpose of this study was to calculate costs of milk production, gross production value, gross margin, absolute profit, and relative profit of dairy cattle farms located in the provinces of east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Primary data were collected from 148 dairy cattle farms designated using the Neyman Stratified Sampling method through surveys. Dairy farms were classified into four groups according to the number of cows. The data belong to the 2012 production season. A single product budget analysis method was used for calculating production costs. According to the results, variable costs amounted to 65.91% of total production costs. Feed cost (86.52%) was the main component of variable costs. The cost of 1 kg of milk, on average, was calculated as USD 0.261. The cost of milk was USD 0.499 on group 1 farms, USD 0.399 on group 2 farms, USD 0.272 on group 3 farms, and USD 0.233 on group 4 farms. Among the farms under study, average gross margin value was negative only on group 1 farm, and positive in all other groups. Absolute profit value was positive only on group 4 farm, and negative in all other groups. The average relative profit of the farms was 0.9067. The expansion of dairy farms could be reached by reducing the feed cost as well as increasing the scale of farms.

Some physical and mechanical properties of two tiger nut varieties (Sarışeker and Balyumru) were determined at four moisture contents. Physical properties including length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, mass, 1000-tuber mass, bulk density, tuber density, surface area, terminal velocity, angle of repose, porosity, and friction coefficient were affected by moisture content at a 1% probability level, excluding sphericity. All parameters decreased with a decrease in moisture content except tuber density, porosity, and firmness. Variety only had a statistically significant effect on width, geometric mean diameter surface area, and terminal velocity at different probability levels. Force, deformation, firmness, energy absorbed, and power requirement, which were investigated as mechanical properties, were also affected by moisture content at a 1% probability level. It was also found that the variety and loading position had no significant effect on firmness and energy absorbed, respectively. Varieties showed differences in terms of 1000-tuber mass, sphericity, terminal velocity and angle of repose, length, geometric mean diameter, surface area, porosity, force, and energy absorbed at different probability levels.

The study was aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the soybean genotypes based on the seed yield and the other observed characteristics in the sites cultivated second crop soybean of Turkey which have Mediterranean climate conditions using the GGE biplot analysis method. The experiments were performed under irrigated conditions in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in four different locations (Adana, Antalya, Izmir and Sanliurfa) of Turkey. Fourteen soybean genotypes consisting of 10 advanced soybean lines and four standard varieties were analyzed by a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P<0.01) effects for all sources of variation (environment, genotype, and G×E interaction) for the seed yield and yield components. Genotype and environment accounted for about 2.59% and 51.04% of the total variation for seed yield, respectively, while the GE interaction explained 20.84% of the total variation. According to the GGE principle, five mega-environments were formed in the present study. Results of the research revealed that genotypes G8 (KANA), G9 (KASM 02), G11 (ARISOY), G3 (BATEM 306), G1 (BATEM 207) and G12 (ATAEM 7) were found as stable. According to GGE Biplot analysis for all traits and genotypes, G4 (BATEM 317) had the largest values for plant height, first pod height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed yield.

Seed yields of 14 soybean genotypes were evaluated in four locations i.e. Adana, Şanlıurfa, Antalya and İzmir under second crop conditions through summer seasons from 2014 to 2016. The study aims to estimate the stability parameters in terms of seed yield of 14 soybean genotypes by using different stability analysis methods across eleven environmental conditions and to study interrelationships among these stability methods. The analysis of variance for seed yield revealed that the genotypes and the environments as well as the genotype x environment interactions (GEI) were statistically significant at P<0.01. Environmental effects were contributed 51.04% to the total sum of squares whereas GEI and genotype effects were 20.8% and 2.59%, respectively. According to most stability methods, BATEM 223, BATEM 306, BATEM 317 and KASM 02 were determined to be stable genotypes. These genotypes demonstrated superior adaptability with high yield performances in many environments. Results of correlation analysis indicated that seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with Di 2 (P<0.01), Si (6) (P<0.05) and TOP (P<0.01) and showed a negative and significant correlation with Pi (P<0.01) and RS (P<0.01). In addition, the coefficient of regression (bi) was positively significant associated with CVi, αi (P<0.01) and Ri 2 (P<0.05).

ÖZETKüresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği nedeniyle sulu ve kuru tarım alanları için farklı stratejilerin geliştirilip uygulanmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Türkiye'de kuru tarım alanları, sulu tarım alanlarından daha fazladır. Kuru tarım alanların eğimleri genel olarak %9-12 civarlarındır. Bu alanlarda %14'ünde hafif, %20'sinde orta, %63'ünde şiddetli ve çok şiddetli derecede erozyon görülmektedir. Erozyon geri dönüşü olmayan toprak ve karbon kayıplarını artırarak arazilerin bozulmasına, toprakların verimsizleşmesine ve uzun vadede iklim değişikliklerine neden olmaktadır. Spesifik bölgelerde toprak organik karbonun izlediği yolları doğru tespit etmek oldukça önemlidir. Organik karbon uygun şartlarda çok uzun süre topraklarda muhafaza edilebilir. Ancak arazi kullanımındaki değişim ve yoğun toprak işleme ile artan erozyon toprağın karbon stoklarını önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Bu alanlarda farklı tarımsal uygulamalar ve toprak şartlarında göre organik karbon kayıpları ve karbondioksit salınımının tespit edilmesini amaçlayan yeni araştırmalar yapmak önem arz etmektedir. Tarım makinalarının kullanımı ile meydana gelen organik karbon kayıpları ve karbondioksit salınımı ile ilgili farklı sonuçları içeren ulusal ve uluslararası pek çok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede sulu ve kuru tarım alanlarında yapılan yarımsal uygulamalar değerlendirilerek elde edilen sonuçlara göre kuru ve eğimli tarım alanları için bir yol haritası oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.