The behaviour to use innovation and technology for teaching, learning, and research is influenced by different levels of culture, ranging from the supranational, professional, and organizational to the individual level. The current study focused on the organizational, professional, and individual levels of cultural influence on preservice teachers' intentions towards the use of open educational resources (OERs). This study is based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and different levels of culture for innovation and technology usage. A survey was conducted on preservice teachers (n = 376) enrolled in the universities of Punjab (Pakistan). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied through smart-PLS. The results revealed that pre-service teachers were aware of the importance of OERs. It was found that preservice teachers' intentions played an important role towards their actual behaviour to use OERs. Personal level culture and perceived behavioural control influences the pre-service teacher's intentions to use open educational resources. The study has policy and practice implications for developing a social, cultural, and psychological environment to enhance pre-service teachers' intentions to use OERs. Future studies may be conducted on the effect of supranational and national culture on institutional policies designed to adopt OERs.
Özet: Bu çalıĢmada öğretmen adaylarının Ġnternete yönelik araĢtırma ve sorgulama becerilerine iliĢkin algılarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek bir ölçek geliĢtirmek amaçlanmıĢtır. AraĢtırma kapsamında 590 öğretmen adayından veri toplanmıĢtır. 37 madde olarak geliĢtirilen ölçeğin kapsam geçerliği için uzman görüĢünden yararlanılmıĢtır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı faktör analizi yürütülmüĢ, ölçek maddelerinin 2 faktörde toplandığı görülmüĢtür. Ġki faktörün varyansı açıklama oranı %46 olarak bulunmuĢtur. Faktör analizi ve madde analizi sonuçlarına göre faktör dıĢı kalan ve uygun değerleri taĢımayan maddeler ölçekten çıkarılmıĢtır. Ölçeğin son halinin 25 maddeden oluĢtuğu belirlenmiĢtir. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0.91, faktörlerin güvenirlik katsayıları ise sırasıyla 0.91 ve 0.86 bulunmuĢtur. GeliĢtirilen ölçek için ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yürütülmüĢtür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısı doğrulanmıĢtır. AraĢtırmanın sonucunda ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olarak araĢtırmacılar tarafından kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaĢılmıĢtır.Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to develop a scale that could be used to determine the research and inquiry skills perception towards internet for teacher candidates. In the scope of the research data were collected from 590 teacher candidates. For the validity of the scale developed as 37 items, expert opinion was consulted. For the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was carried out and it was determined that scale items were collected in 2 factors. Total variance ratio of two factors was 46%. According to the results of factor analysis and item analysis, the items that not have suitable values were removed from the scale. The final version of the scale was determined to be 25 items. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.91, the reliability coefficients of the factors were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. Two-factor structure was verified by conducting confirmatory factor analysis for the developed scale. According to these results, the scale could be used as a valid and reliable data collection tool by researchers.
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