Among Fe-Ni-Co alloys, Kovar (53%Fe-29%Ni-17%Co) designated as ASTM F-15 (1), is a well-known glass-sealing alloy. It is also classified as low–expansion alloy (2). Low expansion is required to avoid internal stresses in applications that involve strong ceramic to metal joining such as in vacuum systems (3-6). Electropolishing is applied to obtain smooth metallic surfaces to gain low outgassing rates from the chamber walls in vacuum applications (7-9). The effects of current density, perchloric acid concentration and bath temperature on surface roughness and thickness change were investigated in acetic acid-perchloric acid electrolyte. It was found that current density, perchloric acid concentration and temperature of the bath had a decreasing influence on surface roughness in the given order. On the other hand, thickness change was found to have a direct correlation with the current density and was independent of bath concentration and temperature.
Long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic individuals and their families are recently emerging. This study investigated these effects in 40 mother-child dyads by measuring the behavioral problems of autistic individuals (via Aberrant Behavior Checklist) and their mothers’ anxiety levels (via Beck Anxiety Inventory) during the pre-pandemic period, one month after, and one year after its onset. One year into the pandemic, aberrant behaviors of autistic individuals worsened only for those whose mothers had high anxiety levels. The continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of autistic individuals is related to their mother’s anxiety level, highlighting the need to support maternal mental health in families with individuals with autism.
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