Ramipril is used mainly for the treatment of hypertension and to reduce incidence of fatality following heart attacks in patients who develop indications of congestive heart failure. In the paediatric population, it is used most commonly for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension in type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Due to the lack of a suitable liquid formulation, the current study evaluates the development of a range of oral liquid formulations of ramipril along with their in vitro and in vivo absorption studies. Three different formulation development approaches were studied: solubilisation using acetic acid as a co-solvent, complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and suspension development using xanthan gum. Systematic optimisation of formulation parameters for the different strategies resulted in the development of products stable for 12 months at long-term stability conditions. In vivo evaluation showed C(max) of 10.48 µg/ml for co-solvent, 13.04 µg/ml for the suspension and 29.58 µg/ml for the cyclodextrin-based ramipril solution. Interestingly, both ramipril solution (co-solvent) and the suspension showed a T(max) of 2.5 h, however, cyclodextrin-based ramipril produced T(max) at 0.75 h following administration. The results presented in this study provide translatable products for oral liquid ramipril which offer preferential paediatric use over existing alternatives.

Abstract-the Chernobyl disaster was the world worst nuclear disaster, took place in the Chernobyl power plant due to explosion of reactor at Pripyat city in Ukraine. It led to 31 deaths including fire fighters and workers of the power plant on same day andabout 15 indirect deaths up to 2011. Also around 115000 people were evacuated from a 30 km zone around the plant. In this paper author gives a case study on Chernobyl disaster. And also, author finds the reasons and its effect on the human beings after the accident. And also, the confinement process of reactor number 4.

Abstract---Bhopal is known for one of the biggest industrial disaster, known as Bhopal Gas Tragedy. The disaster occurred in the capital of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal at a pesticide plant, on 2-3 December 1984. The disaster is caused due to the leakage of excessive amount of MIC gas, that caused the huge amounts of death and severe injuries to the people being caught by the dangerous gas. Due to this, Bhopal Gas Tragedy is known to be the worlds most dangerous industrial disaster. In this case study, the author has explained about the happenings in the disaster, its reasons and has also suggested some points to avoid such kinds of major happenings in the future. Keywords-Methyl Isocyanate, Phosgene, Carbaryl I. INTRODUCTIONBhopal Gas Tragedy occurred in Bhopal at a pesticide plant i.e. Union Carbide. The disaster is caused due to the leakage of excessive amount of MIC gas and some other dangerous chemicals on the night of 2-3 December, that caused the huge number of deaths and severe health injuries to the people being caught by the gas. Due to this, Bhopal Gas Tragedy is known to be the worlds most dangerous industrial disaster.In the pesticide plant, the disaster caused due to the flow of water into the tank consisting Methyl Isocyanate that resulted in the formation of CO2 and some other products. Due to this reaction, the temperature of the tank increased to a greater extent and the pressure inside the tank was increased to the level that was unable for it to withstand. Therefore, the hazardous gases that were present in the huge amount, get exposed to the environment, effecting more than 5,00,000 people in different ways.After so many attempts by the workers that were failed, they realised nothing can be done to prevent the leak. The people were badly injured from the gas, were screamingly running for escaping through the tragedy. But the another major problem was that, no one was aware about the treatment of the toxin. The treatment was a serious issue as people were suffering from various health injuries like burning sensation in the eyes, vomiting, fainting, etc and the most devastating, the new born children were also the sufferers.There are many theories how the water flow entered the tank. That means the reason of what actually caused the disaster is still the matter of debate. It is claimed by the wokers and the govt. that due to the cheap maintainance, it was possible for the water to pass from the place where pipeline cleaning was done to the tank E610 containing MIC, that resulted in the disaster. On the other hand, the UCC wasnt agree with this. It was a sabotage act done by a worker, the UCC claimed.

As an integral part of the business every industry ,company ,or factory should believe that there is no work and service or activity is important than the human and living being’s safety .There should be no compromise with the life of any living beings. The safety policies not only decrease the hazards and accidents in the industries but also increase the productivity and also Reduces the economical loss and over it enhance the reputation of the industries.

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