It is established that the Ukrainian agrarian sector in recent years suffered quite serious reformational impacts on the institutional environment of the functioning of economic actors, in particular the influence of regulators on the transformation of agricultural development. It is substantiated that under institutional transformations it is appropriate to understand the changes that occur as part of the creation of new rules of conduct of participants, containing a specific mechanism for ensuring compliance with these rules, as well as improving organizational and economic regulators within the existing set of rules for all participants It is determined that the institutional system is a structured set of interrelated informal rules that determine, on the one hand, a system of incentives for increasing the efficiency of interaction between subjects of the agrarian economy, and, on the other hand, restricts the activities of economic agents, which create a certain framework for implementation their target functions in accordance with the law and public interests.
Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the use of the importance of the main postulates of the smart specialization mechanism to realize the innovative potential of the regional economy. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular analysis and synthesis, dialectical – to determine the initial conditions and content of smart specialization; analytical – when processing literary and Internet sources; causal – to determine the institutional support of smart specialization; abstract and logical – for delineating the main directions of functioning of smart specialization, forming conclusions and proposals. Findings. The issue of the essence, structure and features of the operation of smart specialization in the EU and Ukraine was investigated; the institutional units ensuring its formation are specified. The peculiarities of the content of smart specialization are considered, and the peculiarities of its components are determined in order to achieve economic, innovative, organizational, technological and social goals. The relevance of the study of issues related to the introduction of smart specialization for the development of the regions of Ukraine based on the recommendations of international organizations and the formation of appropriate normative and legal and innovative support is substantiated. The composition and main problems of innovative provision of smart specialization are formulated, and practical recommendations are given for its adaptation by subjects in the form of recommendations, which will make it possible to increase the efficiency of regional development management. Originality. The substantiation of the newest directions of smart specialization in the Ternopil region on the basis of innovations has been further developed. Practical value. Substantiated research results can be used to create and develop promising industries of the 21st century. Keywords: smart, smart specialization, strategy, innovation, entrepreneurship, energy, regional economy, project.
Introduction. The relevance of the topic of scientific research is related to the importance of citizens of Ukraine receiving higher education and studying in higher educational institutions the basics of the functioning of cryptocurrencies due to the significant impact of cryptocurrencies on the functioning of the economic system in Ukraine and the world, which is observed in the second and third decades of the XXI century. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. General scientific and special methods are used in the research process, among which the most important are: abstract and logical method – for formulating research conclusions; systematic approach – in determining the causes and factors of the impact of the growth of cryptocurrencies on the world and national economic system. Results. It is predicted that in the conditions of a potential decrease in the number of unskilled jobs and the growth of competition for these positions, higher education gradually becomes a basic need that ensures a safe life of an individual in modern conditions and in the future both in Ukraine and in the world. It was found that the development of cryptocurrency business both in Ukraine and in the world is taking place at an extremely fast pace, which makes it necessary to study the basics of cryptocurrency business in higher education institutions. It has been studied that the cryptocurrency market is real and functions alongside the securities market, the foreign exchange market and other components of the financial market, regardless of how we treat it: whether we know about the cryptocurrency market or not, whether we believe in it and its future or not , we take part in its functioning or not. Discussion. The article summarizes that the expansion of the spheres of application of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine contributes to the improvement of financial literacy of citizens and the expansion of digitalization of the Ukrainian economy. Attempts by countries to legislatively regulate the functioning of cryptocurrencies will necessitate further research in the field of cryptocurrency business. Keywords: higher education, cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, money, investment, mining, cryptocurrency market.
Purpose. The aim of the article is a diagnostics of the global experience of land management and determination of the possibility of its implementation in Ukrainian practice in the context of digitalization. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works of scientists on land relations in the agricultural sector of foreign countries. General scientific and special methods were used to achieve the set goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – to consider the essence of land relations; synthesis – to clarify the relationships between subjects of land relations; graphic – for visual display of the obtained results; abstract and logical method – for forming research conclusions and proposals. Findings. The meaning and role of land relations is revealed, various approaches to determining their economic essence are considered. An analysis of current land relations in different countries of the world was carried out; international experience of land policy mechanisms was highlighted. The main directions of the world experience in regulating the agricultural land market are highlighted. The theoretical background of the main postulates of digitalization of land resources management is outlined. Originality. Modern approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the concept of “land relations” are systematized and summarized. Under land relations, it is proposed to understand social relations between the state, economic entities and society, which arise in the process of ownership, use, as well as protection and reproduction of land. On the basis of the international experience of land relations, the priority areas of regulation of land relations in the context of digitalization are proposed. Practical value. The obtained results of the research can be used to improve land relations and increase the effectiveness of the functioning of the domestic agricultural sector in the conditions of digitalization. The introduction of digital technology tools will enable agricultural producers to collect large amounts of data, control the state of land resources and the rationality of their use at different levels of management. Key words: digitalization, smart land use, smart land management, land resources, land relations, cadastre, land policy, land market, rent.
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