This chapter deals with the topic of bioinformatics, computational, mathematics, and statistics tools applied to biology, essential for the analysis and characterization of biological molecules, in particular proteins, which play an important role in all cellular and evolutionary processes of the organisms. In recent decades, with the next generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics, it has facilitated the collection and analysis of a large amount of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data from different organisms that have allowed predictions on the regulation of expression, transcription, translation, structure, and mechanisms of action of proteins as well as homology, mutations, and evolutionary processes that generate structural and functional changes over time. Although the information in the databases is greater every day, all bioinformatics tools continue to be constantly modified to improve performance that leads to more accurate predictions regarding protein functionality, which is why bioinformatics research remains a great challenge.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the production of lignocllulolytic enzymes produced by Trametes polyzona HHM001 during its growth on corn leaf residues. Two particle sizes (PS) (PS8 and PS12), two levels of aeration (1 vvm and 0 vvm), as well as the height of the substrate in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes were tested. The enzymatic activities of Laccase (Lcc), Lignin peroxidase (LiP), and Manganese peroxidase (MnP) were favored under aerated conditions (1 vvm). The enzymatic activity of Lcc was the most favored, with 80 Activity Units (AU)/mL, compared to the culture without aeration, in which 40 AU/mL was obtained. The production of xylanases (Xyl) and cellulases (Cel) were not influenced by aeration under the tested conditions. The results indicated that the particle size has more effect on enzyme production than the presence or absence of air, with a particle size of 8 where the best levels of enzymatic activity were observed. It was observed that the height of the substrate in the fermentation column strongly affects the activity of ligninolytic enzymes and not of the hydrolytic; at 5 cm, the highest ligninolytic activity was detected, where aeration favors oxidative conditions.