LIDs are frequently utilized measures in urban waterlogging management in the world and the evaluation of their effectiveness through model gets a lot of attention in urban hydrological research. In this study, a typical urban unit of Handan, China was selected, and regional SWMM model was calibrated and validated through measured maximum waterlogging depths (MWD) of typical positions; the LIDs effectiveness on runoff process in different return period events were evaluated through the SWMM. The results show that LIDs have an effect on decreasing total runoff quantity and peak discharge and the effectiveness is more significant when the return period is small. The research provides a technical support to the scientific management of local flood and waterlogging and supplies a reference to local Sponge City planning.
Abstract:The quota is the main tool to balance the interests of the enterprise and the employees. In order to stimulate the labor enthusiasm of the workers, improve the labor productivity, allocate the expenses reasonably and improve the economic efficiency of the enterprises, companies should formulate reasonable working hours' quota and working hours' management system. In the production mode of Chinese enterprises, there is an imbalance in the formulation of working hours' quotas, and the development speed is relatively slow, the labor efficiency is relatively low, and the unequal level of quota has affected the enthusiasm of the workers and the maximization of the profits of the enterprises. Work quota is the basis for balancing the interests of enterprises and the interests of workers and staff. Therefore, companies need a more objective and scientific development of work quotas.
The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is an important agricultural and industrial region in China, yet its water resources have been increasingly affected by shortages and pollution due to human activities and the impact of climate change. This has resulted in severe damage to the water ecosystem in the YRD, thereby necessitating the adoption of effective legal measures to safeguard these resources. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research findings on water resources and water ecology in the YRD. Specifically, it summarizes the changes and characteristics of the geographical distribution, quantity and quality of water resources in the region and analyzes the effects of climate change, economic development and population growth on water resources. In light of the vulnerability and risks to the water resources and ecosystems in this area, this paper evaluates the impact of human activities on regional water security and proposes strategies for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the protection of public health. The insights and measures presented in this paper provide valuable guidance and references for water resource management and environmental protection in the YRD.
BackgroundApplying 3D printed prostheses to repair diaphyseal defects of lower limbs has been clinically conducted in orthopedics. However, there is still no unified reference standard for which the prosthesis design and fixation mode are more conducive to appropriate biomechanical conduction.MethodsWe built five different types of prosthesis designs and fixation modes, from Mode I to Mode V. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study and compare the mechanical environments of overall bone-prosthesis structure, and the maximum stress concentration were recorded. Additionally, by comparing the maximum von Mises stress of bone, intramedullary (IM) nail, screw, and prosthesis with their intrinsic yield strength, the risk of fixation failure was further clarified.ResultsIn the modes in which the prosthesis was fixed by an interlocking IM nail (Mode I and Mode IV), the stress mainly concentrated at the distal bone-prosthesis interface and the middle-distal region of nail. When a prosthesis with integrally printed IM nail and lateral wings was implanted (Mode II), the stress mainly concentrated at the bone-prosthesis junctional region. For cases with partially lateral defects, the prosthesis with integrally printed wings mainly played a role in reconstructing the structural integrity of bone, but had a weak role in sharing the stress conduction (Mode V). The maximum von Mises stress of both the proximal and distal tibia appeared in Mode III, which were 18.5 and 47.1 MPa. The maximum peak stress shared by the prosthesis, screws and IM nails appeared in Mode II, III and I, which were 51.8, 87.2, and 101.8 MPa, respectively. These peak stresses were all lower than the yield strength of the materials themselves. Thus, the bending and breakage of both bone and implants were unlikely to happen.ConclusionFor the application of 3D printed prostheses to repair diaphyseal defects, different fixation modes will lead to the change of biomechanical environment. Interlocking IM nail fixation is beneficial to uniform stress conduction, and conducive to new bone regeneration in the view of biomechanical point. All five modes we established have reliable biomechanical safety.
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