This paper studies the dynamic impacts of financial development, human capital, and economic growth on CO2 emission intensity in China for the period 1978–2015, with a structural breakpoint in 1992, by employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The estimations show that there exists a long-run cointegration linkage among the variables, with three main findings. First, financial openness measured by net FDI inflows can significantly reduce CO2 emission intensity in both the short-term and the long-term, whereas the effects of both financial scale and financial efficiency are limited and insignificant. Second, there exists an inverted N-shaped relationship between human capital and CO2 emission intensity: improving human capital first decreases CO2 emission intensity (before 1992), then increases it in the short-run (after 1992), and, finally, lessens it in the long-run. Last, raising per capita income can also significantly lower CO2 emission intensity in the long-run. Accordingly, some policy implications are also discussed.
Background and AimsRecently, the pre-treatment platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), which is based on blood parameters, was accepted as a prognostic factor for patients with various cancers. Numerous studies have investigated the prognostic role of the PLR in pancreatic cancer; however, it remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between the pre-treatment PLR and overall survival (OS) in pancreatic cancer.Materials and MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases for relevant studies that explored the prognostic role of the pre-treatment PLR in pancreatic cancer. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to OS were pooled using a random effects model.ResultsFourteen retrospective cohort studies involving 2,260 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with low PLR, high PLR was a predictor of shorter OS (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39, I2 = 74%).ConclusionsIn this meta-analysis, high pre-treatment PLR was a bio-predictor of short OS in patients with pancreatic cancer, suggesting that PLR could be used to predict prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer before treatment. However, additional well-designed and large-scale studies are necessary.
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