High-quality innovation can solve the “bottleneck” problem of key enterprise technologies and drive the high-quality development of enterprises. Therefore, how to improve innovation quality has become a growing concern in the academic industry. In previous studies, the impact of TMT experience heterogeneity on enterprise innovation quality has not been well explored. Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies, this paper explored how TMT experience heterogeneity affects enterprise innovation quality. The following constitutes our findings: (1) TMT functional experience heterogeneity positively affects partner diversity to promote innovation quality, while industrial experience heterogeneity shows the opposite result. (2) Enterprise partner diversity partially mediates the relationship between TMT experience heterogeneity and innovation quality. (3) TMT technological participation positively regulates the relationship between TMT experience heterogeneity and enterprise partner diversity. This paper gave theoretical support for enterprises to play the role of TMT experience heterogeneity in enhancing innovation quality, and we extended the research on TMT heterogeneity based on empirical analysis. This study also provided new micro evidence for enterprises to use diverse partners to improve innovation quality.
Intensive competition among supply chains often forces trading partners to collaborate despite their conflict of interests. Supply chain contracts and collaboration theory is well established in the academic literature to align the interests but much less conveyed to students and industry professionals for a practical impact. Although the Beer Game captures the bullwhip effect and the value of information sharing, it ignores the conflict of interests, that is, price and quantity bargaining, among the trading partners. We describe a new online teaching game, the FloraPark simulation (“the flower game” at https://flower.gamespots.net/ ), based on real-life events in the international fresh-cut flower supply chains, for students to learn supply chain collaboration via contracts in a setting of multiple supply chains competing in the same market. Students play trading partners in the flower supply chains and experiment with the push, pull, and advanced purchasing discount contracts by negotiating wholesale prices and quantities to achieve the conflicting objectives of (1) collaboration to beat other supply chains, and (2) bargaining to protect their own interests from their trading partners. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0035 .
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.