Objective To explore the risk factors for the recurrence of endometrioma and the risk factors for the recurrence of endometriosis-related pain after long-term follow-up. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 358 women with endometriomas who had a minimum of 5-years follow up after laparoscopic endometrioma excision, which was performed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to April 2013. All women were divided into recurrence group and nonrecurrence group. Analysis was performed with regard to preoperative history, laboratory analysis, findings during surgery, and symptoms during follow-up, including improvement and recurrence. Results The cumulative incidence rates of recurrence from 5 to 10 years after surgery were 15.4, 16.8, 19.3, 22.5, 22.5, and 22.5%, respectively. Significant differences were found between two groups in terms of age at surgery (RR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.615–0.949, p = 0.015), duration of dysmenorrhea (RR: 1.120, 95% CI: 1.054–1.190, p < 0.001), presence of adenomyosis (RR: 1.629, 95% CI: 1.008–2.630, p = 0.046), CA125 level (RR: 1.856, 95% CI: 1.072–3.214, p = 0.021) and severity of dysmenorrhea. The severity of dysmenorrhea (RR: 1.711, 95% CI: 1.175–2.493, p = 0.005) and postoperative pregnancy (RR: 0.649, 95% CI: 0.460–0.914, p = 0.013) were significantly correlated with endometrioma recurrence in the multivariate analysis. No significant associations were found between the recurrence rate and gravida, parity, body mass index, infertility, leiomyoma presence, the size of ovarian endometrioma, the presence of deep infiltrating endometriosis, disease stage or postoperative medication. Conclusions The severity of dysmenorrhea and postoperative pregnancy were independent risk factors for the recurrence of ovarian endometriomas after surgery during the long-time follow up.

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Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) is an antioxidant and plays an important role in H2O2-mediated cell signaling. We previously found that the expression level of Prdx1 was elevated in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue using a proteomics approach. Since overexpressed protein can induce an autoimmune response, to further examine whether serum from ESCC patients exhibits immunoreactivity against Prdx1, autoantibody responses to Prdx1 were evaluated by ELISA, western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay in sera from patients with ESCC and normal individuals. Immunohistochemical study with tissue array slides and western blot analysis with cancer cell lines were also performed to analyze the protein expression profiles of Prdx1 in ESCC tissues and cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the positive rate of autoantibody against Prdx1 in ESCC sera was 13.2% (9/68), whereas this rate was 0% (0/89) in normal individuals. Data also showed that expression of Prdx1 was significantly increased in ESCC tissues when compared to expression in paired adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). The data indicate that Prdx1 may contribute to malignant transformation of the esophagus, and may be used as a biomarker in the immunodiagnosis of ESCC.