Detecting and characterizing the community structure of complex network is fundamental. We compare the classical optimization indexes of modularity and modularity density, which are quality indexes for a partition of a network into communities. Based on this, we propose a quantitative function for community partition, named communitarity or C value. We demonstrate that the quantitative is superior to modularity Q and modularity density D. Both theoretical and numerical results show that optimizing the new index not only can resolve small modules, but also can correctly identify the number of communities.
Global warming is emerging as the common concern of all countries and people on earth. This paper first emphatically analyzes the game process of Sino-US-EU according to the interest and position of the groups at the UN Conference on Climate Change. After that, the paper finds the reason why the three parties failed to reach an agreement and proposes measures to solve the focal point. In the end, this paper prospects the developing trend to the next Climate Change Conference.
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