Ultrasonography can determine the anatomy of the upper airway and perform the quantitative analysis of the upper airway lumen during respiration. The results were encouraging and support the utility of ultrasonography in future airway disorder studies.
A scheme for ion-based high-harmonic generation from water window to keV x-ray is investigated. He1+ ions with 54.42-eV ionization potential extend the harmonic cutoff energy to 1 keV. The transverse selective-zoning method of quasi-phase-matching is utilized to overcome the severe plasma dispersion in a highly ionized medium. The calculated conversion efficiency reaches about 15% of the perfect phase-matching condition. Wavelength tunability is achieved by incorporating a programmable spatial-light modulator to control the quasi-phase-matching pattern.
A scheme for ion-based HHG of 1.6-keV X-ray based on the transverse selective-zoning method of quasi-phase-matching was proposed. The calculated conversion efficiency reached about 14% of the perfect phase-matching condition.
Enhancement of EUV emission from laser-produced plasma is a crucial issue for semiconductor manufacturing. One-dimensional simulation framework is developed with quasi-equilibrium assumption, which saves computational cost and has qualitative agreement with experiments.
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