The purpose of this current study was to measure the knee joint angle and plantar pressure distribution between hallux valgus group and normal group under jogging condition. To reveal relationship of plantar pressure distribution and knee joint angle. Investigated that lower extremity mechanics of jogging in young female with mild hallux valgus. Sixteen young, healthy females volunteered to take part in this study. Kinematic data from a three-dimensional motion analysis system and plantar pressure distribution from Pedar-X system were collected to describe lower extremity mechanics while hallux valgus subjects jogging at a natural speed. The results found that knee joint angle of hallux valgus in frontal and transverse plane was obviously different under jogging condition. In frontal plane, the initial state of adduction angle (control group (CO) = 1.73 °, hallux valgus group (HV) = 8.33 °) of two group was markedly different at the beginning of the support (0-10%). During jogging gait cycle, knee abduction angle peak of normal group was 8.46°, and knee adduction angle peak of hallux valgus group was 8.61°. In the transverse plane, knee external rotation angle in the initial state of normal group was 21.93° while knee external rotation angle of hallux valgus was 4.89°. The results of plantar pressure found that bearing pressure regions was offshore in hallux valgus group. These changes would affect the movement of knee joint, and it suggested that hallux valgus group have higher risk for knee osteoarthritis. These results also suggested that hallux valgus deformity has influence on knee joint. We cannot be ignored in the process of the research and therapeutic with hallux valgus.
Flatfoot has been one of the most common foot deformity, which gives rise to several malfunctions or disoders to the foot and lower extremity. Difference between flatfoot and normal foot mainly present in the middle foot, while few is known about the biomechanical difference under barefoot vertical jump. The objective of this study is to investigate the difference of flatfoot and normal foot while vertical jumping under barefoot condition. Twenty males (ten with flatfoot and ten with normal foot) volunteered to participate in this study. Foot morphology was measured with Easy-Foot-Scan. Foot kinetics and joint kinematics were obtained from EMED force platform and Vicon motion analysis system. Results showed that flatfoot group had a significantly larger peak pressure in the region of hallux and larger contact area of center forefoot than that of normal foot group, and larger contact area in medial midfoot. The flatfoot group presented larger plantarflexion and smaller external rotation to the ankle, and larger flexion and abduction and smaller external rotation to the knee than normal foot group during vertical jump. It can be concluded that people with flat-arched feet may have a poorer ability of self-regulation when facing a movement with rapid impact force like vertical jump, which will increase the risk of injuries. This information will be valuable for future work in structure, function and potential treatment of low arched feet.
Foot temperature can be affected by friction and contact pressure, in this study, we explored the specific changes of foot temperature under different friction conditions, running with socks versus no socks. The relationship between vertical loading force and foot temperature will also be investigated at the same time. Ten male recreational runners wore the same shoes and socks and were tested running 8km/h on a treadmill. The plantar temperature during running was recorded every 3 minutes for a total of 45 minutes. Post-run temperature change was recorded every 3 minutes for 12 minutes. The plantar pressure was recorded before running and at the first 15 minutes during running. The subjects with socks and no socks were tested on separate occasions. There were no significant differences found between the socks and no socks conditions. However, central metatarsal head, lateral metatarsal head, medial rearfoot and lateral rearfoot regions exist differences were reflected at the first 6minutes-12minutes of running. The foot temperature became more stable after 15minutes of running. Also, plantar pressure increased significantly in the hallux, other toes, first metatarsal head and central metatarsal regions. It also could conclude that lower initial temperature had a greater increase trend during the running start stage. When the ankle in plantarflexion stage, toe and forefoot regions showed a higher rise in temperature and also presented higher plantar pressure correspondingly.
To determine the influence of the unstable sole structure on foot kinematics and provide theoretical basis for further application.12 healthy female subjects walked through a 10-meter experimental channel with normal speed wearing experimental shoes and control shoes respectively at the gait laboratory. Differences between the groups in triplanar motion of the forefoot, rearfoot and hallux during walking were evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system incorporating with Oxford Foot Model (OFM). Compare to contrast group, participants wearing experimental shoes demonstrated greater peak forefoot dorsiflexion, forefoot supination and longer halluces plantar flexion time in support phase. Additionally, participants with unstable sole structure also demonstrated smaller peak forefoot plantarflexion, rearfoot dorsiflexion and range of joint motion in sagittal plane and frontal plane.. The difference mainly appeared in sagittal and frontal plane. With a stimulation of unstable, it may lead to the reinforcement of different flexion between middle and two ends of the foot model. The greater forefoot supination is infered that the unstable element structure may affect the forefoot motion on the frontal plane and has a control effect to strephexopodia people. The stimulation also will reflexes reduce the range of rearfoot motion in sagittal and frontal planes to control the gravity center of the body and keep a steady state in the process of walking.
The purpose of this study was to testing for difference in performance and injury risks between three different outsole configuration soccer boots on artificial turf. Fourteen experienced soccer players performed 45° cut test. They selected soccer boots with artificial ground design (AG), turf cleats boots (TF) and indoor boots (IN) randomly. A Vicon three dimension motion analysis system was used to capture kinematic data and Kistler force platform was used to record the ground reaction force. Novel Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system was utilized to collect the plantar pressure synchronized. During 45° cut, artificial ground design (AG) showed significantly smaller peak knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater abduction angles (p<0.001) than indoor boots (IN). AG showed significantly greater vertical average loading rate (VALR) compared with TF (p=0.005) and IN (p=0.003). The results of plantar pressure found that AG showed the highest peak pressure and force-time integral in the heel (H) and medial forefoot (MFF). Artificial ground design (AG) and turf cleats (TF) may offer a performance benefit on artificial turf compared to IN. In summary, AG may enhance athletic performance on artificial turf, but also may undertake higher risks of non-contact injuries compared with TF and IN.
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