A hollow Fe3C@N–C with frogspawn-like architecture was successfully constructed as an efficient sulfur host for high-rate and long-life lithium–sulfur batteries.
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) integrates resourceful
utilization
of unwanted CO2 using cheap methane and storage of renewable
energy. High temperature favors the highly endothermic process, while
catalyst thermal deterioration is a major obstacle. Here we report
a robust Ru/MgAl2O4 catalyst prepared via physical
vapor deposition method that exhibits 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher
activity than conventional ruthenium or nickel catalysts. Importantly,
instead of deactivation or coke deposition, the catalyst demonstrates
a surprising activity increase by 1.5 times after reaction at 850
°C for 600 h. Ru initially was dispersed as isolated atoms on
MgAl2O4, then condensed into unfaceted clusters
(1.1 nm), and finally retained as faceted nanoparticles (NPs, 2.7
nm) upon testing, becoming more and more active by decreasing the
barrier of breaking the C–H bond of methane. The low Ru content
(0.15 wt %) and high space-time yield make it cost-competitive to
regeneration-required nickel catalysts, paving a way to develop affordable
commercial precious metal catalyst.
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